漆酶降解霉菌毒素研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

霉菌毒素作为一种高毒性代谢产物，由真菌合成产生。能够通过饲料及食品途径进入动物和人体内，引起人和动物的急性或慢性毒性反应，严重危害着人类及动物健康。传统的霉菌毒素脱毒方法，如物理法和化学法，存在效率低下且易导致饲料或食品营养成分流失等缺点。漆酶(Laccase)作为一种具有广谱催化活性的生物酶，近年来被广泛应用于各类化合物的降解过程中。研究表明，漆酶能够有效降解黄曲霉毒素B₁和玉米赤霉烯酮，表现出降解效率高、降解产物安全等优势。因此，将漆酶应用于黄曲霉毒素B₁和玉米赤霉烯酮的降解是一种优质选择。本文对漆酶来源、结构及催化特性进行总结，并概述了近年来漆酶对黄曲霉毒素B₁和玉米赤霉烯酮等霉菌毒素降解的研究进展，旨在为漆酶在霉菌毒素降解领域实现更高效、安全、绿色的应用提供理论支撑和参考。

关键词: 霉菌毒素, 漆酶, 黄曲霉毒素(AFs), 玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)

Abstract:

Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by fungi. They can enter animals and humans through feed and food, leading to acute or chronic toxicity reactions, which pose serious health risks to both humans and animals. Traditional detoxification methods for mycotoxins, such as physical and chemical methods, often suffer from low efficiency and may result in the loss of nutritional components in feed or food. Laccase, a biocatalyst with broad catalytic activity, has been increasingly applied in the degradation of various compounds in recent years. Studies have shown that laccase can effectively degrade aflatoxin B₁ and zearalenone, exhibiting high degradation efficiency and producing safe degradation products. Therefore, applying laccase for the degradation of aflatoxin B₁ and zearalenone is an excellent choice. This paper summarizes the sources, structure, and catalytic characteristics of laccase, and reviews recent advances in the degradation of mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B₁ and zearalenone by laccase. Aiming to provide theoretical support and reference for the more efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly application of laccase in the field of mycotoxin degradation.

Key words: mycotoxins, laccase, aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEN)

中图分类号:

S859.87

高博泉, 王秀敏, 韩冰, 陶慧, 王振龙, 王金全. 漆酶降解霉菌毒素研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3650-3657.

GAO Boquan, WANG Xiumin, HAN Bing, TAO Hui, WANG Zhenlong, WANG Jinquan. Research Progress on Laccase Degradation of Mycotoxins[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3650-3657.

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来源 Source	年份 Year	反应时间/h Reaction time	霉菌毒素种类 Type of mycotoxin	介体 Mediator	降解率/% Degradation rate	降解产物 Degradation products	参考文献 Reference
枯草芽孢杆菌2019-1	2024	24	AFB₁	-	93.18		[23]
Bacillus subtilis 2019-1			ZEN		98.5
		2	AFB₁	丁香醛	100	-
				乙酰丁香酮	100	-
			ZEN	丁香醛	79
				乙酰丁香酮	100
微嗜酸寡养单胞菌CW117 Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila CW117	2021	24	AFB₁	ABTS	27	-	[24]
热羧链霉菌41291	2021	24	AFB₁	-	31.87	AFQ₁	[25]
Streptomyces				乙酰丁香酮	99.85
thermocarboxydus 41291				丁香醛	79.11
				香兰素	76.26
				对香豆酸	56.66
			ZEN	-	8.58	13-OH-ZEN-quinone
				ABTS	100	13-OH-ZEN-quinone
				乙酰丁香酮	97.35
				丁香醛	46.53
				阿魏酸	70.05
				香草酸	23.98
				1-HBT	21.96
枯草芽孢杆菌FMB-103 Bacillus subtilis FMB-103	2022	60	AFB₁	-	50	-	[26]
酿酒酵母C30 Saccharomyces cerevisiae C30	2020	60	AFB₁	-	90.33	-	[27]
地衣芽孢杆菌ZOM-1 Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1	2022	24	AFB₁	-	90.32	AFB₁-diol，AFQ₁或EPI-AFQ₁	[28]
			ZEN	-	98.58	15-OH-ZEN、13-OH-ZEN-quinone
粉红黏帚霉 Gliocladium roseum	2022	30	ZEN	-	65.1	-	[29]
凤尾菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	2021	12	AFB₁	乙酰丁香酮	96.37	-	[30]
凤尾菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	2021	12	ZEN	ABTS	100	-	[30]
枯草芽孢杆菌SCK6	2021	12	AFB₁	Mn²⁺	17.37	AFB₁-diol	[35]
Bacillus subtilis SCK6			ZEN		43.84	15-OH-ZEN
云芝(变色栓菌) Trametes versicolor	2015	48	AFB₁	ABTS	67	-	[31]
地衣芽孢杆菌ANSB821 Bacillus licheniformis ANSB821	2020	0.5	AFB₁	-	64	AFQ₁，epi-AFQ₁	[38]
云芝(毛栓菌) Trametes sp. C30	2020	15	AFB₁	-	91	C₁₆H₂₂O₄，C₁₄H₁₆N₂O₂， C₇H₁₂N₆O， C₂₄H₃₀O₆	[39]
一色齿毛菌6884	2020	3	AFB₁	ABTS	88	AFQ₁	[32]
Cerrena unicolor 6884				乙酰丁香酮	85
				-	45

漆酶种类 Type of laccase	霉菌毒素种类(来源) Type of mycotoxin (Source)	介体 Mediator	降解率/% Degradation rate	参考文献 Reference
Lac-W (Weizmannia coagulans来源) (from Weizmannia coagulans)	ZEN、DON (母猪妊娠全价料) DON (DDGS) ZEN (棉籽粕)	乙酰丁香酮	85.2、66.3 88 100	[36]
Lac-W (Weizmannia coagulans来源) (from Weizmannia coagulans)	AFB₁、ZEN、DON (玉米芯粉)	-	92、70、29	[41]
固定化rCotA Immobilized rCotA (Bacillus subtilis来源) (from Bacillus subtilis)	AFB₁、ZEN(玉米粉)	-	41.37、27.95	[23]
固定化CotA Immobilized rCotA (Bacillus licheniformis来源) (from Bacillus licheniformis)	ZEN(玉米粉中加入ZEN标品)	-	90	[40]
Ery4 (P. eryngii来源) (from P. eryngii)	AFB₁(玉米粉)	乙酰丁香酮	26	[42]
CotA (Bacillus licheniformis来源) (from Bacillus licheniformis)	AFB₁、ZEN、AOH (麦粉中加入毒素标品) AFB₁、ZEN、AOH (大豆粉中加入毒素标品)	-	30~40(ZEN、AFB₁) 18~22(AOH) 20 (ZEN) 2~4 (AFB₁、AOH)	[28]
Laccase (Trametes sp. B7-IMICO-RC来源) (from Trametes sp. B7-IMICO-RC)	AFB₁、AFB₂ (玉米浆)	香草酸	26、26.6	[43]