免疫层析技术在猪常见病毒病快速检测中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.011

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 4900-4911.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.011

免疫层析技术在猪常见病毒病快速检测中的应用

芦烘德¹^,²(), 刘昊阳¹^,², 龚诗淼¹^,², 杨植¹^,², 王煜轩¹^,², 王禄皓¹^,², 何至远¹^,²^,*(), 董虹¹^,²^,*()

1. 北京农学院兽医学(中医药)北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206
2. 北京农学院北京市中兽药工程技术研究中心, 北京 102206

收稿日期:2024-01-02 出版日期:2024-11-23 发布日期:2024-11-30
通讯作者: 何至远,董虹 E-mail:1643142874@qq.com;hezhiyuan@bua.edu.cn;donghong@bua.edu.cn
作者简介:芦烘德(2000-), 男, 山东济南人, 硕士生, 主要从事中药替抗防控动物疫病研究, E-mail: 1643142874@qq.com
基金资助:
“十四五”重点研发项目(2022YFD1801103);国家自然科学基金项目(32302916);家畜产业技术体系北京市家畜创新团队(BAIC05-2023);北京农学院青年教师科研创新能力提升计划资助项目(QJKC-2023011);北京农学院科技创新“火花行动”支持计划(BUA-HHXD2023001);市属高校分类发展都市农林特色教师队伍建设(11000024T000002961733)

Application of Immunochromatographic Technique in the Rapid Detection of Common Swine Viral Diseases

Hongde LU¹^,²(), Haoyang LIU¹^,², Shimiao GONG¹^,², Zhi YANG¹^,², Yuxuan WANG¹^,², Luhao WANG¹^,², Zhiyuan HE¹^,²^,*(), Hong DONG¹^,²^,*()

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of CVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2024-01-02 Online:2024-11-23 Published:2024-11-30
Contact: Zhiyuan HE, Hong DONG E-mail:1643142874@qq.com;hezhiyuan@bua.edu.cn;donghong@bua.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

免疫层析技术是一类典型的以抗原抗体特异性免疫反应为基础的快速诊断技术，以不同材料作为示踪标记物，具有快速、特异、价格低廉的特点，对猪常见病毒病的现场检测具有广泛的应用价值。本文基于免疫层析技术原理，根据不同的信号表现方式将当前常见的免疫层析技术进行了归类，详细介绍了比色型免疫层析技术，荧光型免疫层析技术的代表性标志物，综述了免疫层析技术在猪常见病毒病快速检测中的应用，并将不同标记物免疫层析试纸条的优点与挑战进行比较，以期为猪病毒病快速检测技术的发展提供思路。

关键词: 免疫层析技术, 猪病毒病, 快速检测, 临床应用

Abstract:

Immunochromatography is a typical rapid diagnostic technology based on antigen-antibody-specific immune reaction, using different materials as tracer markers, which is rapid, specific and inexpensive, and has wide application value for on-site detection of common viral diseases in pigs. In this paper, based on the principle of immunochromatographic technology, the current common immunochromatographic techniques were categorized according to different signal manifestation modes, colorimetric immunochromatographic techniques, fluorescent immunochromatographic techniques of the representative markers were introduced in detail, the application of immunochromatographic techniques in the rapid detection of common porcine viral diseases was reviewed, and the advantages and challenges of immunochromatographic test strips with different markers were compared, with a view to providing ideas for the development of rapid detection techniques for porcine viral diseases.

Key words: immunochromatography, swine viral diseases, rapid detection, application

中图分类号:

S854.4

芦烘德, 刘昊阳, 龚诗淼, 杨植, 王煜轩, 王禄皓, 何至远, 董虹. 免疫层析技术在猪常见病毒病快速检测中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(11): 4900-4911.

Hongde LU, Haoyang LIU, Shimiao GONG, Zhi YANG, Yuxuan WANG, Luhao WANG, Zhiyuan HE, Hong DONG. Application of Immunochromatographic Technique in the Rapid Detection of Common Swine Viral Diseases[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4900-4911.

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免疫层析技术 Immunochromatographic assay	标记物 Marker	检测猪病毒种类 Detection of porcine virus types	参考文献 Reference
胶体金免疫层析 Colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay	胶体金	猪口蹄疫病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性肠胃炎病毒、猪流感病毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒、猪丁型冠状病毒、猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪圆环病毒3型	^[15-29]
乳胶免疫层析 Latex immunochromatographic assay	乳胶微球	非洲猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪圆环病毒2型	^{[14, 30-32]}

免疫层析技术 Immunochromatographic assay	标记物 Marker	检测猪病毒种类 Detection of porcine virus types	参考文献 Reference
荧光微球免疫层析 Fluorescent microbead immunochromatographic assay	荧光微球	猪圆环病毒2型、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒	^{[35, 51-54]}
时间分辨荧光免疫层析 Time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay	镧系元素、时间分辨荧光微球	猪伪狂犬病病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒3型、口蹄疫病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒	^{[41, 55-58]}
量子点免疫层析 Quantum dots immunochromatographic assay	量子点、量子点微球	猪伪狂犬病病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒	^[59-63]

标记物的类型 Types of markers	优点 Advantages	挑战 Challenges	参考文献 Reference
胶体金 Colloidal gold	几乎可以标记所有蛋白大分子，检测成本低，操作简单，检测结果直观，肉眼可观察，不需要特殊仪器设备	不可定量分析，采取物理吸附易使标记物脱离金颗粒，标记蛋白质团聚易造成假阳性	^{[7, 13, 68-72]}
乳胶微球 Latex microsphere	粒径高度均一、重复性好，可以节省抗原或抗体用量，显色稳定，成本相对较低，有较强的抗pH及离子干扰特性	检测灵敏度较低，只能得出定性或半定量结果	^{[14, 73]}
荧光微球 Fluorescent microsphere	具有相对稳定的形态结构，粒度均一、单分散性好、偶联效率高、发光效率高，可进行定量检测且重复性好	需要荧光读数器进行定量	^{[8, 17, 35-36]}
镧系元素 Lanthanide	具有良好的生物相容性，光稳定性高，无背景荧光干扰，荧光衰变时间长，灵敏度和抗干扰能力高	需要时间分辨荧光分析仪进行抗原、抗体定量，成本相对较高	^{[35, 37-42]}
量子点 Quantum dot	光学稳定性高，荧光强度高，吸收光谱宽，发射带窄，对光漂白和化学降解稳定性强，灵敏度高	生物环境中化学和胶体不稳定，荧光易减弱或猝灭，需要荧光读数器进行定量，成本较高	^[43-49]

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免疫层析技术在猪常见病毒病快速检测中的应用

Application of Immunochromatographic Technique in the Rapid Detection of Common Swine Viral Diseases

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