Abstract: This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of royal jelly(RJ) on growth and development of Japanese White rabbits before puberty. Thirty six 50-day-old female rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups of 12 rabbits each: high dose group（H-RJ）, low dose group(L-RJ) and control group(C). Rabbits were administrated daily with RJ weighted 0.2% and 01% of body weight in the high dose group and low dose group via gastric, respectively; saline water weighted 0.1% of body weight was administrated in the control group via gastric. After 40 days, plasma sample was collected from each rabbit and the levels of E2, FSH, LH, P4, PRL and T were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The heart, left uterus and left ovary were collected from six slaughted rabbits in each group and the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in right ovary and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in right uterus were detected by real time RT-PCR. The results showed that: (1) The molting rate of rabbits in C, L-RJ and H-RJ was 0, 75% and 67% after 12 days, respectively; (2) There was no influence of RJ on the body weight, heart, uterus and ovary coefficients of rabbit （P>0.05); (3) The concentration of E2 was significantly higher in RJ treated groups than that in control group （P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed in the other sex hormones （P>0.05）; (4) The expression of ERα in the uterus and ERβ in the ovary were lower in RJ treated groups than that in control. The results indicated that royal jelly can greatly improve the molting rate of the rabbits, but it did not influence the growth of the heart, uterus and ovary, it increased the serum estrogen level and inhibited the expression of estrogen receptor in uterus and ovary of Japanese White rabbits before puberty.