日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.04.009

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 758-770.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.04.009

日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响

蒲广^1,2, 黄瑞华^1,4, 牛清^1,2, 王欢^1,2, 范丽娟^1,2, 高琛^1,2, 牛培培², 张总平², 吴承武², 周娟³, 李平华^1,4,5*

1. 南京农业大学养猪研究所, 南京 210095;
2. 南京农业大学淮安研究院, 淮安 223001;
3. 淮安市淮阴种猪场, 淮安 223322;
4. 江苏省现代农业(生猪)产业技术体系集成创新中心, 南京 210095;
5. 淮安市南农大新农村发展研究有限公司, 淮安 223001

收稿日期:2018-08-16 出版日期:2019-04-23 发布日期:2019-04-23
通讯作者: 李平华,主要从事猪健康生产学与遗传育种学研究,E-mail:lipinghua718@163.com
作者简介:蒲广(1994-),男,新疆伊宁人,硕士生,主要从事猪肠道健康与耐粗饲机制研究,E-mail:945950649@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31672381）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD03B02-4）；淮安市重点研发计划项目（HAN201618；HAN201617）；淮安市科技支撑计划（农业）项目（SN13094）；江苏省农业三新工程项目（SXGC（2017）275）

Effects of Dietary Defatted Rice Bran Substitute Corn Levels on Growth Performance, Intestinal Development and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients of Suhuai Pigs

PU Guang^1,2, HUANG Ruihua^1,4, NIU Qing^1,2, WANG Huan^1,2, FAN Lijuan^1,2, GAO Chen^1,2, NIU Peipei², ZHANG Zongping², WU Chengwu², ZHOU Juan³, LI Pinghua^1,4,5*

1. Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223001, China;
3. Huaiyin Pig Breeding Farm of Huaian City, Huaian 223322, China;
4. Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture(PIG), Nanjing 210095, China;
5. Nanjing Agricultural University's New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huaian City, Huaian 223001, China

Received:2018-08-16 Online:2019-04-23 Published:2019-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分表观消化率的影响，筛选苏淮猪最适宜的脱脂米糠替代玉米水平。本试验选择体重相近（62.90±0.78）kg、健康的苏淮阉公猪35头，随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组5个处理组。每组7个重复，每个重复1头猪。试验预饲期10 d，所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮；正试期28 d，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别饲喂以7%、14%、21%、28%的脱脂米糠替代等量玉米的日粮。5组日粮的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平分别为8.89%、11.80%、12.93%、14.35%、17.94%。正式期所有猪均自由采食和饮水。试验期每天纪录所有试验猪的采食量和体重；分别于试验期第0、14天采集粪样，试验第28天采集直肠内容物，用于测定养分表观消化率；试验结束屠宰全部试验猪，测量计算胃肠道相对质量和相对长度。结果表明：1）各处理组间猪的初始体重、第14天体重、终末体重、平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）、第0~14天平均日增重、第14~28天平均日增重、料重比（F/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。但对照组、试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组的第14~28天平均日增重显著高于第0~14天平均日增重（P<0.05）。生长拟合曲线显示，各组猪生长曲线拐点分别是第18.51天（75.87 kg）、第15.92天（73.61 kg）、第17.39天（75.91 kg）、第17.58天（75.45 kg）、第16.29天（76.15 kg）。与对照组相比，试验组猪较早到达生长曲线拐点。但各组生长趋势差异不明显。2）饲喂不同纤维水平的日粮对各组猪胃肠道相对重量、长度及大肠的重量、长度占比均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）试验期第14、28天，随着日粮纤维水平的升高，各组NDF表观消化率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05），酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和粗蛋白（CP）表观消化率均呈线性（P<0.01）、二次方（P<0.01）和三次方（P<0.01）降低；试验期第14天，粗脂肪（EE）表观消化率趋于二次方降低（P<0.10）。4）根据三次方程模型预测，分别以ADF、CP表观消化率为因变量，得到适宜脱脂米糠替代部分玉米水平分别为12.77%、14.78%。在各组日粮消化能和粗蛋白均满足且一致的情况下，增加日粮纤维水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育、NDF表观消化率没有显著影响，但降低了对ADF和CP的表观消化率。本试验的脱脂米糠替代部分玉米是可行的，替代比例以12.77%最佳。

关键词: 苏淮猪, 生长性能, 肠道, 消化率

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of defatted rice bran substituting corn levels on growth performance, intestinal development and nutrient apparent digestibility of Suhuai pigs, and select the optimal level of defatted rice bran substituting corn for Suhuai pig.Thirty-five healthy Suhuai castrated boars with similar body weight at (62.90±0.78) kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments (control group, group Ⅰ-Ⅳ) with 7 duplicates for 1 per duplicate. The pre-feeding period of the trial was 10 days and all pigs were fed with the same control diet ad libitum. The pigs in control were provided control diet without defatted rice bran, and the pigs in group Ⅰ-Ⅳ were provided diets that using 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% of defatted rice bran replaced the equivalent corn respectively for 28 days during the experiment period. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in the 5 groups were 8.89%, 11.80%, 12.93%, 14.35% and 17.94%, respectively. All pigs were provided diets and water ad libitum. The feed intake and body weight of all pigs were recorded daily during the experiment period. The fecal samples were collected on the 0th and 14th day of the experiment period, and the rectal contents were collected on the 28th day of the experiment period, which were used for the determination of apparent digestibility of nutrients. All pigs were slaughtered on the 28th day of the experiment period, and the weight and length of the gastrointestinal tract were measured. The results showed that:1) No significant difference was observed in the initial body weight, body weight of 14th of the experiment period, terminal body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), average daily gain from 0th to 14th day of the experiment period, average daily gain from 14th to 28th day of the experiment period and feed to gain ratio (F/G) among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). However, the average daily gain from 14th to 28th day were significantly higher than that from 0th to 14th day in control group and group Ⅰ-Ⅳ (P<0.05). The growth curve showed that the inflection points of the growth of the pigs in each group were 18.51th day(75.87 kg), 15.92th day(73.61 kg), 17.39th day(75.91 kg), 17.58th day(75.45 kg), 16.29th day(76.15 kg), respectively. Compared with the control group, pigs in the experimental groups reached the inflection point of growth earlier but there was no obvious difference in the growth trend among different groups. 2) Diets with different fiber levels had no significant effect on the relative length and weight of gastrointestinal tract, ratio of large intestine's weight and length to intestinal tract (P>0.05). 3) On the 14th and 28th day of the experiment period, with the dietary fiber level increased, no significant difference was observed in the apparent digestibility of NDF among the 5 treatments(P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of acidic detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) decreased (linear, quadratic and cubic, P<0.01). On the 14th day, the apparent digestibility of ether extract (EE) had a decreased trend (quadratic, P<0.10). 4) According to the prediction of cubic curve regression model, the appropriate levels of defatted rice bran substituting corn were 12.77% and 14.78% respectively, when the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP were considered as dependent variance. When the digestive energy and CP of 5 diets were the same and enough, increasing dietary fiber level had no siginficant effect on growth performance, relative intestinal weight and length, apparent digestibility of NDF, but decreased the apparent digestibility of ADF and CP. The defatted rice bran substituting part of the corn was feasible, the optimal ratio was 12.77%.

Key words: Suhuai pig, growth performance, intestinal tract, digestibility

中图分类号:

S828.5

蒲广, 黄瑞华, 牛清, 王欢, 范丽娟, 高琛, 牛培培, 张总平, 吴承武, 周娟, 李平华. 日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(4): 758-770.

PU Guang, HUANG Ruihua, NIU Qing, WANG Huan, FAN Lijuan, GAO Chen, NIU Peipei, ZHANG Zongping, WU Chengwu, ZHOU Juan, LI Pinghua. Effects of Dietary Defatted Rice Bran Substitute Corn Levels on Growth Performance, Intestinal Development and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients of Suhuai Pigs[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(4): 758-770.

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日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响

Effects of Dietary Defatted Rice Bran Substitute Corn Levels on Growth Performance, Intestinal Development and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients of Suhuai Pigs

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