早期饲喂对山羊羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.05.011

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1006-1015.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.05.011

早期饲喂对山羊羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响

吕小康¹, 解彪¹, 黄文琴¹, 王淑艳², 毕研亮¹, 陶慧¹, 崔凯¹, 刁其玉¹, 张乃锋^1*

1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室, 北京 100081;
2. 北京市密云区动物卫生监督管理局河南寨所, 北京 101500

收稿日期:2018-11-12 出版日期:2019-05-23 发布日期:2019-05-23
通讯作者: 张乃锋,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:zhangnaifeng@caas.cn
作者简介:吕小康(1994-),男,山西长治人,硕士生,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:13121991399@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0501902）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201403049）；国家肉羊产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-39）

Effects of Early Feeding on Rumen and Small Intestine Morphology of Goat Kids

LÜ Xiaokang¹, XIE Biao¹, HUANG Wenqin¹, WANG Shuyan², BI Yanliang¹, TAO Hui¹, CUI Kai¹, DIAO Qiyu¹, ZHANG Naifeng^1*

1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Henan Zhai Institute of Animal Health Supervision and Administration of Miyun District, Beijing 101500, China

Received:2018-11-12 Online:2019-05-23 Published:2019-05-23
Supported by:

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究早期饲喂对20~60日龄山羊羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响，并探究瘤胃和小肠组织形态发育之间的关系。本研究采取单因素试验设计，以饲喂方式为试验因子。选取72只20日龄体重相近健康的海门山羊羔羊，随机分为3组，分别为仅饲喂代乳粉组（MRO组）、代乳粉加精料组（MRC组）、代乳粉加精料加苜蓿颗粒组（MCA组），每组6个重复，每重复4只羊。试验预饲期3 d，正式期40 d。试验期间，测定羔羊的生长性能和营养物质表观消化率。在羔羊60日龄时，进行屠宰试验，测定瘤胃和小肠的组织形态。结果表明：1）在山羊羔羊20~60日龄阶段，MRO组羔羊干物质和粗蛋白采食量显著低于MCA组和MRC组（P<0.05），但干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于MCA组和MRC组（P<0.05）。2）MCA组羔羊瘤胃乳头长度和乳头宽度均显著高于MRO组（P<0.05），MRC组羔羊瘤胃乳头长度显著高于MRO组（P<0.05）。3）MCA组羔羊十二指肠隐窝深度显著高于MRO组（P<0.05），而V/C值显著低于MRO组（P<0.05）；MRC组和MRO组羔羊空肠隐窝深度显著低于MCA组（P<0.05），而V/C值显著高于MCA组（P<0.05）；MRC组和MCA组回肠V/C值显著低于MRO组（P<0.05）。4）可消化干物质、可消化蛋白质摄入量与瘤胃乳头长度、乳头宽度、上皮厚度、空肠、回肠隐窝深度均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与十二指肠、回肠V/C值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；可消化NDF摄入量与瘤胃角质层厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05），与瘤胃肌肉层厚度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；可消化NFC摄入量与瘤胃乳头长度和宽度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），但与十二指肠和回肠的V/C值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，早期补饲精料颗粒或者精料加苜蓿颗粒有利于瘤胃组织形态发育，但其相对于代乳粉较低的营养物质表观消化率会减缓小肠组织形态的发育。

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early feeding on the morphology of rumen and small intestine of 20-60 day-old goat kids and to explore the relationship between rumen and small intestine morphological development. This experiment was based on a single factor design with the feeding strategy as the experimental factor. Seventy-two Haimen goat kids of 20 days of age with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 6 replicates in each treatment and 4 kids in each replicate. Goat kids were fed with milk replacer (MRO group), milk replacer+concentrate (MRC group), milk replacer+concentrate+alfalfa pellets (MCA group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 days after a 3-d adaptation period. Growth performance and nutrients apparent digestibility were determined during the trial. Slaughter experiment was carried out to determine the morphology of the rumen and small intestine on 60 days of age of the goat kids. The results showed that:1) During the 20-60 days of age, the dry matter and crude protein intake of goat kids in MRO group were significantly lower than those in MCA and MRC groups(P<0.05). But the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of goat kids in MRO group were significantly higher than that in MCA and MRC groups(P<0.05). 2) The rumen papilla length and width of goat kids in MCA group were significantly higher than those in MRO group(P<0.05). The length of rumen papilla of goat kids in MRC group was significantly higher than that in MRO group (P<0.05). 3) The crypt depth of duodenal of goat kids in MCA group was significantly greater than that in MRO group(P<0.05), while the V/C value was significantly lower in MCA group compared with MRO group(P<0.05). Compared with MCA group, the jejunal crypt depth of goat kids in MRC and MRO groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the V/C values were significantly increased (P<0.05). The ileal V/C values of goat kids in MRC and MCA groups were significantly decreased compared with MRO group (P<0.05). 4) The papilla length, papilla width and epithelial thickness of rumen, and the crypt depth of jejunum and ileum were positively significantly cor-related with digestible dry matter intake and digestible protein intake(P<0.05), whereas the V/C values of duodenum and ileum were negatively significantly correlated with digestible dry matter intake and digestible protein intake(P<0.05). The digestible NDF intake was negatively sig-nificantly correlated with the thickness of the rumen keratin layer(P<0.05), whereas positively significantly correlated with rumen muscle layer thickness(P<0.05). Rumen papilla length and width were positively significantly correlated with digestible NFC intake(P<0.05), whereas the V/C values of the duodenum and ileum were negatively significantly correlated with digestible NFC intake(P<0.05). Early feeding is beneficial to the development of the rumen morphology, but it may slow the development of the small intestine because of the reduced apparent digestibility of nutrients in concentrate pellets or alfalfa pellets compared with milk replacer.

中图分类号:

S827.5

吕小康, 解彪, 黄文琴, 王淑艳, 毕研亮, 陶慧, 崔凯, 刁其玉, 张乃锋. 早期饲喂对山羊羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(5): 1006-1015.

Lü Xiaokang, XIE Biao, HUANG Wenqin, WANG Shuyan, BI Yanliang, TAO Hui, CUI Kai, DIAO Qiyu, ZHANG Naifeng. Effects of Early Feeding on Rumen and Small Intestine Morphology of Goat Kids[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(5): 1006-1015.

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早期饲喂对山羊羔羊瘤胃和小肠组织形态的影响

Effects of Early Feeding on Rumen and Small Intestine Morphology of Goat Kids

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