西荷杂交牛与荷斯坦牛重要经济性状对比

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在深入了解西荷杂交牛繁育体系的效果，本研究以某存栏4 393头泌乳牛的规模化牛场为研究对象，通过SAS9.2 GLM和Mixed过程，应用固定模型和混合模型对法系西荷杂种牛、德系西荷杂种牛、自繁荷斯坦牛以及进口澳系荷斯坦牛4个群体的8个重要经济性状进行最小二乘分析和Bonferroni t多重比较。结果表明，在泌乳性能方面，法系西荷牛的日产奶量和校正奶量显著高于澳系荷斯坦牛（P<0.05），且其乳脂率、乳蛋白率均为最高。各群体间体细胞评分和尿素氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）；在繁殖性能方面，法系西荷青年牛首次配种日龄显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛和澳系荷斯坦牛（P<0.05），且杂种牛产后恢复周期较短。澳系荷斯坦青年牛的配妊次数显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛（P<0.05）。法系西荷成年母牛的空怀天数比自繁和澳系荷斯坦牛分别少了38.43和20.93 d；在生长性状方面，除体深外，其余性状杂种牛均高于自繁荷斯坦牛，且法系西荷牛与自繁荷斯坦牛的胸围差异显著（P<0.05）；在热应激相关指标方面，杂种牛上午直肠温度低于荷斯坦牛，其中德系西荷牛与澳系荷斯坦牛差异显著（P<0.05），但各品种的下午直肠温度差异不显著（P>0.05）；另外，杂种牛的体况评分均显著高于自繁荷斯坦牛（P<0.05），但各品种之间性情评分与步态评分无显著差异（P>0.05）。德系西荷牛的肋部皮褶厚度显著大于其他品种（P<0.05）。综合分析，初步表明西荷杂种一代牛的综合性能优于纯种荷斯坦牛。

关键词: 杂种牛, 德系西门塔尔牛, 法系西门塔尔牛, 荷斯坦牛, 杂交繁育, 体尺, 繁殖性能

Abstract:

In order to deeply understand the efficiency of crossbreeding system using Simmental sire×Holstein cows, fixed and mixed models (GLM and Mixed procedures, SAS9.2) were used to analyze 8 economically important traits of 4 dairy cattle groups, namely Montbeliarde×Holstein (MO×HO), Fleckvieh×Holstein (FL×HO), Chinese Holstein (CHO) and Holstein imported from Australia (AHO), based on information collected from a large scale farm with 4 393 milking cows. The results showed that, in terms of milk performance, daily milk yield and herd test adjusted corrected milk (HTACM) of MO×HO cows were significantly higher than those of AHO (P<0.05), and MO×HO had the highest milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage among the 4 groups. No significant difference among 4 groups were observed (P>0.05) for somatic cell score (SCS) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN);Referring to reproductive traits, the age at first service (AFS) of MO×HO heifers was significantly lower than those of CHO and AHO (P<0.05), and crossbred cows had shorter calving to first service interval (CTFS) than that of the pure breed groups. Number of services (NS) of AHO heifers was significantly lower than that of CHO cows (P<0.05). Furthermore, days open (DO) of MO×HO was 38.43 and 20.93 d fewer than that of CHO and AHO cows, respectively; For growth performance, all traits of crossbred cattle were greater than those of CHO cows except for body depth, and there was a significant difference in chest circumference between MO×HO and CHO(P<0.05); Indexes related to the heat stress were measured on smaller number of animals, results showed that, the morning rectal temperature (RT) of crossbred cows was lower than that of both CHO and AHO cows, the difference between FL×HO and AHO was significant (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found in afternoon RT among groups (P>0.05); In addition, crossbred cows had significantly higher body condition score (BCS) than that of CHO cows (P<0.05), while no significant difference in temperament score and locomotion score were found among breeds groups (P>0.05). Skinfold thickness measured on the skin over the mid-point of the last rib of FL×HO was significantly greater than that measured on the same position of the other groups(P<0.05). In conclusion, preliminary results indicate that crossbred F1 cows of Simmental sire×Holstein dam have better overall performance than pure Holstein cows in the experimental farm.

Key words: crossbred cows, Fleckvieh, Montbéliarde, Holstein, crossbreeding, body size, reproductive trait

中图分类号:

S823.2

常瑶, 朱莹琳, 施佳庆, 安涛, 于亚冬, 张海亮, 徐伟, 张宝石, 王志刚, 王雅春. 西荷杂交牛与荷斯坦牛重要经济性状对比[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(2): 270-281.

CHANG Yao, ZHU Ying-lin, SHI Jia-qing, AN Tao, YU Ya-dong, ZHANG Hai-liang, XU Wei, ZHANG Bao-shi, WANG Zhi-gang, WANG Ya-chun. A Comparison Study on Economically Important Traits between Holstein and Simmental×Holstein Crossbred Cows[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(2): 270-281.

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