饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ PUFA）配比对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取48只157日龄，平均体重为（5 658±47）g的健康雄性北极狐，随机分成4组（每组12个重复，每个重复1只），分别饲喂n-6/n-3 PUFA 配比为3、18、41和136的试验饲粮，试验饲粮对应添加的油脂为12%鱼油和2%豆油（Ⅰ组），9.38%玉米油和4.62%豆油（Ⅱ组），12%玉米油和2%豆油（Ⅲ组），1.5%鱼油和12.5%玉米油（Ⅳ组）。预饲期7 d，试验期40 d。结果表明：1）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比极显著影响北极狐肝体指数（P<0.01），Ⅳ组极显著高于II和Ⅲ组（P<0.01），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05），对肝脂肪含量、肝脂率、皮下脂肪重、皮脂率均无显著影响（P>0.05）；2）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比显著或极显著影响北极狐肌内脂肪饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、PUFA、n-6和n-3 PUFA含量（P<0.05或P<0.01），Ⅰ组SFA显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05），与Ⅲ和Ⅳ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅰ组MUFA显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅱ组PUFA极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅲ组差异不显著（P>0.05），I和Ⅲ组n-3极显著高于II和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），Ⅲ组n-6极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比极显著影响皮下脂肪中的MUFA，PUFA，n-3和n-6 PUFA（P<0.01），而对SFA无显著影响（P>0.05），Ⅰ组MUFA极显著高于II、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），II和Ⅲ组PUFA极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），I和Ⅲ组n-3极显著高于II和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），Ⅱ组n-6极显著高于I和Ⅳ组（P<0.01），与Ⅲ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；3）饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比显著影响了北极狐血清中的高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和补体4（C4）（P<0.05），而对血清中的TG、TC和GLU、IgA、IgM、IgG、补体3、TNF和IL-2无显著影响（P>0.05），Ⅰ组HDL-C显著高于II、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ组LDL-C显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05），Ⅳ组C4显著高于II和Ⅲ组（P<0.05），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05）。饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA配比为41时，降低了肝体指数，动员了肌内脂肪和皮下脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量，利于机体SFA的沉积，降低了血脂中高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）含量，保证了北极狐机体的健康。

关键词: n-6/n-3, 北极狐, 体脂沉积, 体脂肪酸, 血液生化指标

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on body fat deposition, body fatty acid composition and serum biochemical parameters of male Arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Forty-eight male Arctic foxes of 157-day-old with average body weight of(5 658±47)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate, and they were fed experimental diets containing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio for 3,18, 41,136, respectively. The composition and proportion of oil were 12% fish oil and 2% soybean oil (Group Ⅰ), 9.38% corn oil and 4.62% soybean oil (Group Ⅱ), 12% corn oil and 2% soybean oil (Group Ⅲ), 1.5% fish oil and 12.5% corn oil (Group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 40 days for trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly affected hepatic somatic index(P<0.01), but no significant effect on hepatic fat content, liver fat percentage, subcutaneous fat weight and subcutaneous fat percentage(P>0.05) during the winter fur-growing period. The hepatic somatic index in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.01), while no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P>0.05). 2) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly or significantly affected SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 and n-6 contents in intramuscular fat (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in Arctic fox. SFA in intramuscular fat in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05),while there were no significant difference among group Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P>0.05). MUFA in intramuscular fat in group I was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05).PUFA in intramuscular fat in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). n-3 in intramuscular fat in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P<0.01). n-6 in intramuscular fat in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅲ and Ⅱ (P>0.05).Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio extremely significantly affected MUFA, PUFA, n-3 and n-6 contents in subcutaneous fat (P<0.01), but no significant effect on SFA (P>0.05). MUFA in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅰ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). PUFA in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). n-3 in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.01). n-6 in subcutaneous fat in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). 3) Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected the serum HDL-C, LDL-C and complement 4(P<0.05), but no significant effect on serum TG,TC,GLU, IgA, IgM, IgG, complement 3, TNF and IL-2(P>0.05). Serum HDL-C in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Serum LDL-C in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P>0.05).Serum C4 in group IV was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group Ⅳ and Ⅰ (P>0.05). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is 41 (12% corn oil + 2% soybean oil),the hepatic somatic index is reduced,UFA in intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat are mobilized,more SFA is deposed and serum lipid level is reduced,which make Arctic fox more healthy.

Key words: n-6/n-3, Arctic fox, body fat deposition, body fatty acid composition, serum biochemical parameters

中图分类号:

钟伟, 张婷, 罗婧, 王卓, 岳志刚, 刘学庆, 李光玉. 饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(6): 1054-1065.

ZHONG Wei, ZHANG Ting, LUO Jing, WANG Zhuo, YUE Zhi-gang, LIU Xue-qing, LI Guang-yu. Effects of Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio on the Body Fat Deposition,Body Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Male Arctic Foxes during the Winter Fur-growing Period[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(6): 1054-1065.

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