日循环高温对蛋鸡抗氧化能力及免疫机能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在模拟夏季规模化蛋鸡舍内温度变化，研究不同日循环高温对蛋鸡抗氧化能力及机体免疫机能的影响，以期引起生产及研究人员对夏季高温的重视。选取28周龄海兰褐蛋鸡288只，随机分为适温组（21 ℃，自由采食）、低循环温度组（27～30 ℃，自由采食）、高循环温度组（29～35 ℃，自由采食）及采食配对组（21 ℃，饲喂量同高循环温度组）4个处理组，每个处理6个重复，每个重复12只鸡，分别饲养于4个人工环境控制舱内，试验持续4周。从试验第25天开始，使用微型温度记录仪测定连续3天蛋鸡的体核温度。试验第29天，每重复随机选取1只鸡翅静脉采血，而后屠宰，分离脾和肝，计算脾脏指数，测定蛋鸡血清和肝中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、G（IgG）、M（IgM ）、溶菌酶。结果表明，与适温组相比，低循环温度组蛋鸡体核温度（TC）无显著差异，除血清T-AOC降低外，肝和血清中MDA含量及抗氧化酶活性均无显著差异，血清IgA、IgM含量显著降低（P<0.05）；而高循环温度组蛋鸡TC显著升高（P<0.05），血清和肝中MDA含量显著升高（P<0.05），T-AOC显著下降（P<0.05），血清GSH-Px活性有降低趋势（0.05< P< 0.1），血清IgA、IgM含量以及脾脏指数显著降低（P<0.05）；与采食配对组相比，高循环温度组蛋鸡TC显著升高（P<0.05），血清和肝中MDA含量同样显著升高（P<0.05），T-AOC显著下降（P<0.05），血清GSH-Px活性显著降低（P<0.05），血清中仅IgA含量显著降低（P<0.05），IgM、IgG含量以及脾脏指数无显著差异。结果表明，夏季蛋鸡舍温度在27～30℃波动时，蛋鸡血液和肝中抗氧化能力变化不明显，但血液中IgA和IgM含量显著降低；在29～35 ℃波动时，蛋鸡的体核温度显著升高，血液和肝中抗氧化能力显著降低，脾脏指数及血液中IgA和IgM含量显著降低。高温对蛋鸡抗氧化能力的影响可能与升高体温有关，对免疫机能的影响可能与降低采食量有关。

关键词: 高温, 蛋鸡, 体温, 抗氧化能力, 免疫功能

Abstract:

The aim of present experiment was to simulate the variation of ambient temperature in laying hens house in summer, evaluate the effects of different cyclic high temperature on antioxidant capacity and immune function of laying hens, and attract the attention of producers and researchers for high environmental temperature in summer. Two hundred eighty-eight Hy-line Brown hens, 28 weeks of age, were randomly divided into 4 groups and housed in 4 environment controlled chambers. Four groups were normal thermal group (NT, 21 ℃, ad libitum), low cyclic temperature group (LCT, 27-30 ℃, ad libitum), high cyclic temperature group(HCT, 29-35 ℃,ad libitum), and pair-feeding group (PF, 21 ℃, feeding amount was the same as that of high cyclic temperature group chickens), respectively. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. There was 6 repeats in each treatment, and 12 chicken in each repeat. Core body temperature (TC) was recorded using a miniature temperature recorder during 3 days before the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, one hen from each repeat was randomly selected and blood samples were collected via the wing vein and serum was separated and stored at -20 ℃. The hens were then slaughtered, the liver and spleen were collected and stored at -20 ℃, the spleen index was determined. MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC in serum and liver, IgA, IgG, IgM concentration in serum and lysozyme in serum were determined.The results showed that, compared with NT group, no significant differences were found in core body temperature in LCT group, and no significant differences were detected in MDA and antioxidant enzyme activity in serum and liver except the T-AOC concentration, which was significantly decreased in serum (P<0.05), and IgA and IgM concentration in serum were also significantly decreased in LCT group(P<0.05). While compared with NT group, the HCT group significantly increased TC and MDA concentration(P<0.05), decreased T-AOC concentration in serum and liver(P<0.05), the GSH-Px activity in serum also had a tendency to decline(0.05< P <0.1), IgA, IgM concentration in serum and spleen index were all significantly decreased in HCT group(P<0.05).Compared with the PF group,TC of HCT group was significantly increased(P<0.05), MDA concentration was significantly increased and T-AOC concentration was significantly decreased in serum and liver(P<0.05), GSH-Px activity in serum was also significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the PF group, only IgA concentration in serum of HCT group was significantly decreased(P<0.05). The results of present study indicated that antioxidant capacity in serum and liver was not significantly affected, while IgA and IgM concentration in serum were significantly decreased in 27-30 ℃ cyclic temperature group. And 29-35 ℃ cyclic temperature group significantly increased TC, decreased antioxidant capacity in serum and liver, and decreased spleen index and IgA, IgM concentration in serum. The effect of cyclic temperature on antioxidant capacity and immune function may be associated with the rise of body temperature and the reduction of feed consumption, respectively.

Key words: high temperature, laying hens, body temperature, antioxidant capacity, immune function

中图分类号:

S831.4

刁华杰, 冯京海, 王雪洁, 刁新平. 日循环高温对蛋鸡抗氧化能力及免疫机能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(6): 1044-1053.

DIAO Hua-jie, FENG Jing-hai, WANG Xue-jie, DIAO Xin-ping. Effect of Cyclic High Temperature on Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Laying Hens[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(6): 1044-1053.

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