长期高谷物饲喂对山羊瘤胃酸中毒发生的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂高谷物日粮对山羊瘤胃内环境,静脉血中内毒素浓度及亚急性瘤胃酸中毒发生的影响。选用10头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的去势公山羊，随机分为饲喂全粗料的对照组（Hay；0%谷物；n = 5）和饲喂高谷物的处理组（HG；65%谷物；n = 5），连续饲喂7周。每周晨饲后的0、2、3、4、6、8和12 h连续采集瘤胃腹囊部瘤胃液监测瘤胃pH的变化，收集其中第0、3、6和12 h的瘤胃液待测挥发性脂肪酸，收集其中第6 h的瘤胃液待测脂多糖。采集晨饲后6 h的颈静脉血待测外周血液中脂多糖浓度。瘤胃pH变化结果显示，在第1、2、3、6和7周，晨饲后12 h之内，HG组山羊瘤胃pH小于5.8的时间大于4 h，可以初步推断在第1、2、3、6和7周，高谷物饲喂成功诱导亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发生。在整个饲喂周期内，与对照组相比，高谷物饲喂显著降低了瘤胃pH、乙酸比例及乙丙比（P<0.05），显著升高瘤胃内丙酸比例，丁酸比例及游离脂多糖的浓度（P<0.05）。在整个饲喂周期内，在全粗料饲喂的所有山羊外周血液中都未检测到游离脂多糖。在试验的第1和2周，在高谷物饲喂山羊的外周血中也未检测到游离脂多糖，但从试验的第3周开始，在高谷物饲喂的部分山羊外周血液中检测到游离脂多糖，从第5周开始，在所有高谷物饲喂山羊的外周血中都检测到游离脂多糖。以上结果表明，该试验中的高谷物饲喂成功诱导亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发生，同时在长期饲喂的过程中，亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发病有一个发生、适应、继续发生的过程。

关键词: 亚急性瘤胃酸中毒, 瘤胃pH, 挥发性脂肪酸, 脂多糖, 山羊

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term high-grain (HG) feeding on rumen environment, lipopolysaccharide concentration in jugular vein blood, and the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in goats. Ten castrated male goats with rumen fistula were randomly fed with either a hay diet (0% grain; n = 5) or HG diet (65% grain; n = 5) with continuous feeding of 7 weeks. Weekly 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after morning feeding, rumen fluid was collected to monitor the changes of pH in rumen. The rumen fluid collected at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after morning feeding was used to determine volatile fatty acid concentration. The rumen fluid collected at 6 h after morning feeding was used to determine lipopolysaccharide concentration. At 6 h after morning feeding, the jugular vein blood was collected to measure the free lipopolysaccharide levels in peripheral blood. The results showed that, at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th weeks, the rumen pH below 5.8 lasted for more than 4 h within 12 h after morning feeding in HG-fed goats. The results suggested that, at 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 6^th and 7^th weeks, the experimental subacute ruminal acidosis had been successfully induced by HG. Across the whole period, compared with hay feeding, HG feeding significantly decreased (P<0.05) the ruminal pH, acetate proportion, and acetate/propionate ratio, while significantly increased (P<0.05) ruminal propionate proportion, butyrate proportion, and free lipopolysaccharide concentration in rumen. The free lipopolysaccharide in the peripheral blood was not detectable in all hay-fed goats across the whole period. At the 1^st and 2^nd weeks, the free lipopolysaccharide level in the peripheral blood of HG-fed goats was not detectable. At 3^rd and 4^thweeks, the free lipopolysaccharide in the peripheral blood was detectable in some HG-fed individuals. At 5^th, 6^th and 7^th weeks, the free lipopolysaccharide in the peripheral blood were detectable in all HG-fed goats. These results indicate that experimental subacute ruminal acidosis has been successfully induced by long-term HG diet feeding, and the incidence of subacute ruminal acidosis experienced the process of occurrence, adaptation and repeated occurrence.

Key words: subacute ruminal acidosis, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid, lipopolysaccharide, goat

中图分类号:

S827
S815.4

孙大明，毛胜勇，刘军花. 长期高谷物饲喂对山羊瘤胃酸中毒发生的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(12): 2420-2429.

SUN Da-ming, MAO Sheng-yong, LIU Jun-hua. The Effect of Long-term High-grain Feeding on Occurrence of Ruminal Acidosis in Goats[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(12): 2420-2429.

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