奶牛体温变化规律及繁殖应用研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自动化、信息化是未来奶牛养殖业发展的重要方向，为突破安静发情母牛的自动化发情监测技术瓶颈，继活动量变化规律之后，体温变化成为母牛繁殖周期规律研究焦点。研究发现，奶牛体温呈现一定年龄特征和昼夜变化规律，同时，成年母牛发情、妊娠及分娩等均表现出特征性体温变化规律，并因测定部位而表现较大差异。其中，阴道与繁殖活动紧密相关，阴道温度变化规律对繁殖行为更具指导意义。另外，温度测定不同程度地受到生殖激素、环境温湿度、疾病、测定方法等因素影响，经过科学分析体温测定影响因素，构建体温数据自动采集技术及数据库，是科学利用体温数据的前提基础，将推动奶牛繁殖与健康管理的自动化、精细化以及智能化。

关键词: 奶牛, 阴道温度, 直肠温度, 繁殖状态

Abstract:

Automation and information are the important development directions of technologies in dairy industry. To break through the bottleneck of automatically monitoring technology for quiet estrus cows, the regulation pattern of body temperature has become another study focus related to reproductive cycle of dairy cattle after the regulation pattern of activity quantity. Both age and diurnal variation characteristics of body temperature in cow have been shown. Meanwhile, the regulation pattern of body temperature related to estrus, pregnancy and delivery on reproductive cows was observed, and the regulation patterns varied with different measurement sites. Among these detection sites, the regulation pattern of viginal temperature plays a more instructive role in marking reproductive behavior for its close relationship to reproductive activities. Additionally, the body temperature was usually affected by reproductive hormones, environmental conditions, diseases, measurement methods and other factors. The premises of making better use of body temperature data are scientific analysis of factors affecting body temperature and construction of an automatic collection technology and database for it, which will promote the automation, elaboration and intelligentization of both cow reproduction and health management.

Key words: dairy cattle, vaginal temperature, rectal temperature, reproductive stages

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1.2

李小俊，王振玲，陈晓丽，寇红祥，李秀岭，王艳，王栋. 奶牛体温变化规律及繁殖应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(12): 2331-2341.

LI Xiao-jun，WANG Zhen-ling，CHEN Xiao-li，KOU Hong-xiang，LI Xiu-ling，WANG Yan，WANG Dong. Study Progress on the Rule of Body Temperature and Its Application in Reproduction of Dairy Cattle[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(12): 2331-2341.

参考文献

［1］HOGEVEEN H, OUWELTJES W. Sensors and management support in high-technology milking［J］. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81（Suppl 3）:1-10.
［2］麦麦提敏•阿卜杜热合曼, 麦提图荪•托合提尼亚孜, 李亚萍, 等. 奶牛饲喂技术装备的研究现状分析［J］. 新疆农机化, 2015(2):41-44.
MAIMAITIMIN A B D R H M, MAITITUISUN T H T N Y Z, LI Y P, et al., Research status analysis of cows fed technical equipment［J］. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization, 2015(2):41-44.(in Chinese)
［3］刘焕营. 以色列奶牛养殖经验介绍［J］. 中国乳业, 2010（3）:68-69.
LIU H Y. Dairy farming experience in Israeli［J］. China Dairy, 2010(3):68-69.(in Chinese)
［4］AT-TARAS E E, SPAHR S L. Detection and characterization of estrus in dairy cattle with an electronic heatmount detector and an electronic activity tag［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2001, 84(4): 792-798.
［5］VALENZA A, GIORDANO J O, LOPES G Jr, et al. Assessment of an accelerometer system for detection of estrus and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone at the time of insemination in lactating dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2012, 95(12):7115-7127.
［6］ROELOFS J B, VAN EERDENBURG F J, SOEDE N M, et al. Various behavioral signs of estrous and their relationship with time of ovulation in dairy cattle［J］. Theriogenology, 2005, 63(5):1366-1377.
［7］ROELOFS J, LÓPEZ-GATIUS F, HUNTER R H, et al. When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects［J］. Theriogenology, 2010, 74(3):327-344.
［8］SUTHAR V S, BURFEIND O, PATEL J S, et al. Body temperature around induced estrus in dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2011, 94(5): 2368-2373.
［9］SUTHAR V S, BURFEIND O, BONK S, et al. Endogenous and exogenous progesterone influence body temperature in dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2012, 95(5): 2381-2389.
［10］BURFEIND O, SUTHAR V S, VOIGTSBERGER R, et al. Validity of prepartum changes in vaginal and rectal temperature to predict calving in dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2011,94(10): 5053-5061.
［11］BEWLEY J M, EINSTEIN M E, GROTT M W, et al. Comparison of reticular and rectal core body temperatures in lactating dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2008,91(12):4661-4672.
［12］ADAMS A E, OLEA-POPELKA F J, ROMAN-MUNIZ I N. Using temperature-sensing reticular boluses to aid in the detection of production diseases in dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2013, 96(3):1549-1555.
［13］HOFFMANN G, SCHMIDT M, AMMON C, et al. Monitoring the body temperature of cows and calves using video recordings from an infrared thermography camera［J］. Vet Res Commun, 2013, 37(2):91-99.
［14］张鲜, 何金成. 红外热像仪在奶牛疾病诊断中的应用［J］. 福建农机, 2014(2):34-37.
ZHANG X, HE J C. Application of thermal infrared imager in diagnosis of dairy diseases［J］. Fujian Agricultural Machinery, 2014(2):34-37.(in Chinese)
［15］TALUKDER S, KERRISK K L, INGENHOFF L, et al. Infrared technology for estrus detection and as a predictor of time of ovulation in dairy cows in a pasture-based system［J］. Theriogenology, 2014, 81(7): 925-935.
［16］HILLMAN P E, GEBREMEDHIN K G, WILLARD S T, et al. Continuous measurements of vaginal temperature of female cattle using a data logger encased in a plastic anchor［J］. Appl Eng Agric, 2009, 25(2):291-296.
［17］BURDICK N C, CARROLL J A, DAILEY J W, et al. Development of a self-contained, indwelling vaginal temperature probe for use in cattle research［J］. J Therm Biol, 2012, 37(4): 339-343.
［18］蔡勇, 赵福平, 陈新, 等. 牛体表温度测定及其与体内温度校正公式研究［J］. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(12):2199-2205.
CAI Y, ZHAO F P, CHEN X, et al., Cow surface temperature measurement and correlation with rectal temperature［J］. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2015, 46(12):2199-2205.(in Chinese)
［19］钟新. 测牛体温早知牛病［J］. 农家之友, 2016(2):51.
ZHONG X. Knowing cow diseases early by measuring cow body temperature［J］. Farm Friends, 2016(2):51.(in Chinese)
［20］PICCIONE G, CAOLA G, REFINETTI R. Daily and estrous rhythmicity of body temperature in domestic cattle［J］. BMC Physiol, 2003, 3:7.
［21］NABENISHI H, OHTA H, NISHIMOTO T, et al. Effect of the temperature-humidity index on body temperature and conception rate of lactating dairy cows in Southwestern Japan［J］. J Reprod Dev, 2011, 57(4):450-456.
［22］蔡勇. 牛体表温度自动采集系统研发及其与体内温度拟合曲线的研究［D］.北京：中国农业科学院, 2015.
CAI Y. The study on the designing of the automatical acquisition system for cow surface temperature and the fitting for surface temperature with rectal temperature［D］.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015.(in Chinese)
［23］FISHER A D, MORTON R, DEMPSEY J M, et al. Evaluation of a new approach for the estimation of the time of the LH surge in dairy cows using vaginal temperature and electrodeless conductivity measurements［J］. Theriogenology, 2008, 70(7): 1065-1074.
［24］GIL Z, KURAL J, SZAREK J, et al. Increase in milk and body temperature of cows as a sign of embryo entry into the uterus［J］. Theriogenology, 2001, 56(4):685-697.
［25］WRIGHT E C, BOEHMER B H, COOPER-PRADO M J, et al. Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows［J］. J Anim Sci, 2014, 92(10):4449-4456.
［26］BURFEIND O, SUTHAR V S, VOIGTSBERGER R, et al. Body temperature in early postpartum dairy cows［J］. Theriogenology, 2014, 82(1):121-131.
［27］VICKERS L A, BURFEIND O, VON KEYSERLINGK M A, et al. Technical note: Comparison of rectal and vaginal temperatures in lactating dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2010, 93(11): 5246-5251.
［28］LEE Y, BOK J D, LEE H J, et al. Body temperature monitoring using subcutaneously implanted thermo-loggers from Holstein steers［J］. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2016, 29(2): 299-306.
［29］GLOSTER J, EBERT K, GUBBINS S, et al. Normal variation in thermal radiated temperature in cattle: implications for foot-and-mouth disease detection［J］. BMC Vet Res, 2011, 7: 73.
［30］ELSHEIKH A H, KITAHARA G, TAMURA Y, et al. Presence of a temperature gradient among genital tract portions and the thermal changes within these portions over the estrous cycle in beef cows［J］. J Reprod Dev, 2012, 59(1):59-65.
［31］BURFEIND O, SUTHAR V S, HEUWIESER W. Effect of heat stress on body temperature in healthy early postpartum dairy cows［J］. Theriogenology, 2012, 78(9): 2031-2038.
［32］许云华. 体温调节机制研究进展［J］. 连云港师范高等专科学校学报, 2010, 27(2):96-98.
XU Y H. Research progress of thermoregulation mechanisms［J］. Journal of Lianyungang Teachers College, 2010, 27(2):96-98.(in Chinese)
［33］NAKAMURA K. Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever［J］. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2011, 301(5): R1207-R1228.
［34］陶昌华. 性激素的产生与作用［J］. 首都医药, 2001,8(3):72.
TAO C H. The production and function of sex hormone［J］. Capital Medicine, 2001,8(3):72.(in Chinese)
［35］FORD S P, WEBER L J, STORMSHAK F. Role of estradiol-17β and progesterone in regulating constriction of ovine uterine arteries［J］. Biol Reprod, 1977,17(4), 480-483.
［36］ZUSPAN F P, RAO P. Thermogenic alterations in the woman. I. Interaction of amines, ovulation, and basal body temperature［J］. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1974,118(5): 671-678.
［37］欧阳五庆, 张才乔, 张青艳, 等. 动物生理学［M］. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006.
OUYANG W Q, ZHANG C Q, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Animal Physiology［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 2006.(in Chinese)
［38］BLINCOE C, BRODY S. Environmental physiology and shelter engineering, with special reference to domestic animals. 34. The influence of diurnally variable temperatures on the thyroid activity and iodide metabolism of Jersey and Holstein cows［J］.1955.
［39］LAMMOGLIA M A, BELLOWS R A, SHORT R E, et al. Body temperature and endocrine interactions before and after calving in beef cows［J］. J Anim Sci, 1997, 75(9):2526-2534.
［40］BITMAN J, TAO H, AKERS R M. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine during gestation in dairy cattle selected for high and low milk production［J］. J Dairy Sci, 1984, 67(11):2614-2619.
［41］SCOTT I M, JOHNSON H D, HAHN G L. Effect of programmed diurnal temperature cycles on plasma thyroxine level, body temperature, and feed intake of Holstein dairy cows［J］. Int J Biometeorol, 1983, 27(1):47-62.
［42］HARTMAN F A, BROWNELL K A, CROSBY A A. The relation of cortin to the maintenance of body temperature［J］. Am J Physiol, 1931, 98(4):674-686.
［43］FELDBERG W, MYERS R D. Changes in temperature produced by micro-injections of amines into the anterior hypothalamus of cats［J］. J Physiol, 1965, 177:239-245.
［44］FELDBERG W, HELLON R F, MYERS R D. Effects on temperature of monoamines injected into the cerebral ventricles of anaesthetized dogs［J］. J Physiol, 1966,186(2): 416- 423.
［45］ANDERSSON B, JOBIN M, OLSSON K. Serotonine and Temperature Control［J］. Acta Physiol Scand, 1966, 67(1):50-56.
［46］FINDLAY J D, ROBERTSHAW D. The mechanism of body temperature changes induced by intraventricular injections of adrenaline, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the ox (Bos taurus)［J］. J Physiol, 1967,189(2): 329-336.
［47］COOPER K E, CRANSTON W I, HONOUR A J. Effects of intraventricular and intrahypothalamic injection of noradrenaline and 5-HT on body temperature in conscious rabbits［J］. J Physiol, 1965, 181(4):852-864.
［48］MOSHER M D, OTTOBRE J S, HAIBEL G K, et al. Estrual rise in body temperature in the bovine II. The temporal relationship with ovulation［J］. Anim Reprod Sci, 1990, 23(2):99-107.
［49］OKA T, HORI T. EP₁-receptor mediation of prostaglandin E₂-induced hyperthermia in rats［J］. Am J Physiol, 1994, 267(Pt 2):R289-R294.
［50］ZIMBELMAN R B, COLLIER R J, EASTRIDGE M L. Feeding strategies for high-producing dairy cows during periods of elevated heat and humidity［C］. In : Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference; Fort Wayne, In USA. 2011: 111-126.
［51］BERMAN A, FOLMAN Y, KAIM M, et al. Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate［J］. J Dairy Sci, 1985,68(6): 1488-1495.
［52］胡文洁, 周孝发, 刘静. 热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响及缓解措施［J］. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2013,29(12):85-86.
HU W J, ZHOU X F, LIU J. Effects of heat stress on production performance of dairy cows and its mitigation measures［J］. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Digest, 2013,29(12):85-86.(in Chinese)
［53］ROMAN-PONCE H, THATCHER W W, BUFFINGTON D E, et al. Physiological and production responses of dairy cattle to a shade structure in a subtropical environment［J］. J Dairy Sci, 1977,60(3): 424-430.
［54］DALAL S, ZHUKOVSKY D S. Pathophysiology and management of fever［J］. J Support Oncol, 2006, 4:9-16.
［55］SMITH B I, RISCO C A. Management of periparturient disorders in dairy cattle［J］. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 2005, 21(2):503-521.
［56］BENZAQUEN M E, RISCO C A, ARCHBALD L F, et al. Rectal temperature, calving-related factors, and the incidence of puerperal metritis in postpartum dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2007, 90(6):2804-2814.
［57］钱发歆. 体温变化与疾病［J］.中国动物检疫, 2000,17(11):38-39.
QIAN F X. Body temperature change and disease［J］. China Animal Quarantine. 2000，17(11):38-39.(in Chinese)
［58］马延龙，杜文奎.牛的体温与疾病的关系［J］.山东畜牧兽医, 2010,31(3):91-92.
MA Y L, DU W K. Relationship between temperature and disease of cattle［J］. Shangdong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , 2010,31(3):91-92.(in Chinese)
［59］朱翔宇. 临床检查测量牛体温的作用及方法［J］.养殖技术顾问, 2013(2):76.
ZHU X Y. The function and method of clinical examination for measuring the temperature of cattle［J］. Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry, 2013(2):76.(in Chinese)
［60］ALEXANDERSEN S, ZHANG Z, DONALDSON A I, et al. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease［J］. J Comp Pathol, 2003, 129(1):1-36.
［61］何正波, 王君达, 何正涛. 牛泰勒虫病的诊断及防治办法［J］. 中国畜禽种业, 2012(12): 108-109.
HE Z B, WANG J D, HE Z T. Diagnosis and prevention methods of the disease niutaile［J］. The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2012(12): 108-109.(in Chinese)
［62］MBWAMBO H A, MAGWISHA H B, MFINANGA J M. Evaluation of buparvaquone (BUTA-kel KELA, Belgium) as a treatment of East Coast fever in cattle, in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city, Tanzania［J］. Vet Parasitol, 2006,139(1-3): 67-73.
［63］郭中兴. 牛边虫病的诊断与治疗［J］. 河南农业科学, 1991(11):34-35.
GUO Z X. Diagnosis and treatment of bovine anaplasmosis［J］. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 1991(11):34-35.(in Chinese)
［64］吕纪增. 夏季谨防牛边虫病［J］. 农业科技与信息, 2005(6):28.
LÜ J Z. Beware of cattle worm disease in summer［J］. Information of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2005(6):28.(in Chinese)
［65］KUMAR T, SINDHU N, CHARAYA G, et al. Emerging status of anaplasmosis in cattle in Hisar［J］. Vet World, 2015, 8(6):768-771.
［66］张传明, 范永青, 袁永财，等. 牛霉菌中毒的治疗［J］. 兽药市场指南, 2015(8):38.
ZHANG C M, FAN Y Q, YUAN Y C, et al. Treatment of bovine mold poisoning［J］. Guider of Veterinary Medicine Marke, 2015(8):38.(in Chinese)
［67］张合全. 奶牛巴豆中毒病例［J］. 中国兽医杂志, 2012，48(3):86.
ZHANG H Q. Cases of cow croton poisoning［J］. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2012,48(3):86.(in Chinese)
［68］王卫东. 清水县奶牛养殖场三例奶牛酮病的诊断与治疗［J］. 甘肃畜牧兽医, 2013(8):46-48.
WANG W D. Diagnosis and treatment of three cow’s Ketone disease in the dairy farm of Qingshui county［J］. Gansu Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2013（8）:46-48.(in Chinese)
［69］BURFEIND O, VON KEYSERLINGK M A, WEARY D M, et al. Short communication: Repeatability of measures of rectal temperature in dairy cows［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2010, 93(2): 624-627.
［70］HINE L, LAVEN R A, SAHU S K. An analysis of the effect of thermometer type and make on rectal temperature measurements of cattle, horses and sheep［J］. N Z Vet J, 2015, 63(3): 171-173.
［71］MALONEY S K, DAWSON T J. The heat load from solar radiation on large, diurnally active bird, the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)［J］. J Therm Biol, 1995, 20(5): 381-387.
［72］SCHÜTZ K E, ROGERS A R, POULOUIN Y A, et al. The amount of shade influences the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle［J］. J Dairy Sci, 2010,93(1):125-133.
［73］MONTANHOLI Y R, LIM M, MACDONALD A, et al. Technological, environmental and biological factors: referent variance values for infrared imaging of the bovine［J］. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2015, 6(1):27.
［74］崔迪. 运动与高脂膳食对骨骼肌线粒体自噬的影响［D］. 上海：华东师范大学, 2013.
CUI D. Effect of exercise and high fat diet on mitophagy in skeletal muscle of mice［D］. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2013.(in Chinese)
［75］KLEIBER M. The fire of life: An introduction to animal energetics［J］. J Exp Biol, 1961.
［76］REDDEN K D, KENNEDY A D, INGALLS J R, et al. Detection of estrus by radiotelemetric monitoring of vaginal and ear skin temperature and pedometer measurements of activity［J］. J Dairy Sci, 1993, 76(3):713-721.
［77］KYLE B L, KENNEDY A D, SMALL J A. Measurement of vaginal temperature by radiotelemetry for the prediction of estrus in beef cows［J］. Theriogenology, 1998, 49(8): 1437-1449.
［78］AOKI M, KIMURA K, SUZUKI O. Predicting time of parturition from changing vaginal temperature measured by data-logging apparatus in beef cows with twin fetuses［J］. Anim Reprod Sci, 2005, 86(1-2):1-12.

[1]	刘江静, 陈晓丽, 田宏志, 路永强, 王栋. 返情母牛活动量影响因素分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(7): 1405-1411.
[2]	刘江静, 陈晓丽, 田宏志, 路永强, 王栋. 返情母牛活动量影响因素分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(7): 1405-1411.
[3]	王玥琳, 郭紫晶, 岳华, 汤承. 部分地区奶牛腹泻粪便样中诺如病毒的检测和演化分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(5): 1048-1055.
[4]	王玥琳, 郭紫晶, 岳华, 汤承. 部分地区奶牛腹泻粪便样中诺如病毒的检测和演化分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(5): 1048-1055.
[5]	吕天星, 李松建, 郝永清. 鉴别显色培养基在奶牛乳房炎病原菌快速鉴定中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(4): 851-860.
[6]	吕天星, 李松建, 郝永清. 鉴别显色培养基在奶牛乳房炎病原菌快速鉴定中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(4): 851-860.
[7]	邢智洋, 张梦璐, 张菡, 王月影, 韩立强, 高腾云, 杨国宇. 沉默SCAP基因对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞脂滴的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(3): 507-516.
[8]	邢智洋, 张梦璐, 张菡, 王月影, 韩立强, 高腾云, 杨国宇. 沉默SCAP基因对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞脂滴的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(3): 507-516.
[9]	张行, 杨峰, 李新圃, 王旭荣, 罗金印, 李宏胜. 牛源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性与外排泵相关基因的检测及相关性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(11): 2326-2332.
[10]	马维武, 周学章. 金黄色葡萄球菌PV-杀白细胞素的表达及其对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的损伤作用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(10): 2105-2112.
[11]	张海波. 日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(1): 203-210.
[12]	张海波. 日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(1): 203-210.
[13]	郭延生, 陶金忠. 基于LC-Q/TOF-MS代谢组学方法筛选奶牛妊娠识别阶段乳样生物标志物的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(8): 1633-1641.
[14]	郭延生, 陶金忠. 基于LC-Q/TOF-MS代谢组学方法筛选奶牛妊娠识别阶段乳样生物标志物的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(8): 1633-1641.
[15]	李蓝祁, 刘江静, 陈晓丽, 李欣, 路永强, 王水莲, 王栋. 奶牛发情期活动量变化规律研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(7): 1387-1393.