蛋白水平对早期断奶双胞胎湖羊公羔营养物质消化与血清指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究低蛋白水平及蛋白补偿对早期断奶双胞胎湖羊公羔生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清学指标的影响。试验选取16对双胞胎湖羊公羔，15日龄试验羊均断母奶，采用配对试验设计，分为两个处理，一个处理组饲喂蛋白水平分别为25%和21%的代乳粉和开食料，记为正常蛋白组（NP），另一个处理组饲喂等能低蛋白水平的代乳粉（CP：19%）和开食料（CP：15%），记为低蛋白组（LP），每一对双胞胎羔羊随机分到NP和LP组，代乳粉饲喂至60 日龄，各组同时补饲）开食料。60～90日龄，NP和LP组均饲喂蛋白水平为21%的开食料。试验结果表明，LP组30～90日龄体重均显著低于NP组（P<0.05）。50～60日龄，LP组粗蛋白的表观消化率和沉积氮含量显著低于NP组（P<0.05），而氮代谢率却显著高于NP组（P<0.05）；80～90日龄，LP组粗脂肪的表观消化率和氮代谢率显著高于NP组（P<0.05）。60日龄，LP组血清尿素氮（BUN）浓度和IGF-Ⅰ水平显著低于NP组（P<0.05），而碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性显著高于NP组（P<0.05）；90日龄，LP组的ALP、ALT活性及生长激素（GH）水平显著高于NP组（P<0.05）。哺乳期间，低蛋白日粮降低了羔羊的体重、血清BUN、IGF-Ⅰ水平及CP表观消化率，但提高了氮的代谢率；蛋白补偿30 d后，体重仍然达不到正常水平。

关键词: 羔羊, 双胞胎, 湖羊, 蛋白水平, 消化代谢

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low protein level and protein compensation on growth performance，nutrients apparent digestibility and metabolism and serum indices of male Hu twin lamb.Sixteen pairs of male Hu twin lambs weaned at day 15 after birth were selected and randomly divided into 2 treatments by paired design.One group was fed normal protein level milk replacer (CP：25%) and starter (CP：21%) as normal protein(NP) group，the other group were fed equal energy but lower protein milk replacer (CP：19%) and starter (CP：15%) as low protein(LP) level group.Milk replacer and starter were fed from wean to day 60.NP and LP groups were fed starter with 21% protein from day 60 to 90.The results showed as follows：body weight of lambs in LP group was significantly lower than that in NP group from day 30 to 90 (P<0.05).Crude protein apparent digestibility and retain nitrogen in LP group were significantly lower than that in NP group (P<0.05)，but nitrogen metabolism rate was higher than that in NP group (P<0.05) from day 50 to 60.Crude fat apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism rate of LP group were obviously higher than NP group (P<0.05) from day 80 to 90.At the day of 60，blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ in LP group were lower than that in NP group (P<0.05)，but the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) were much higher than that in NP group (P<0.05).At 90 days，ALP and ALT activity and growth hormone (GH) level were higher in LP group than that in NP group (P<0.05).In conclusion，during the lactation period，low protein level ration reduced the body weight of lambs，decreased the level of BUN and IGF-Ⅰand apparent digestibility of CP，whereas the N metabolism rate increased.And the body weight of lambs in LP group can not reach the normal weight after 30 days protein compensation.

Key words: lamb, twin, Hu lamb, protein level, digestion and metabolism

中图分类号:

S816.32

王波，柴建民，王海超，崔凯，祁敏丽，张乃锋，屠焰，刁其玉. 蛋白水平对早期断奶双胞胎湖羊公羔营养物质消化与血清指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(6): 1170-1179.

WANG Bo，CHAI Jian-min，WANG Hai-chao，CUI Kai，QI Min-li，ZHANG Nai-feng，TU Yan，DIAO Qi-yu. Effects of Protein Levels on Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism and Serum Parameters of Early-weaned Male Hu Twin Lambs[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(6): 1170-1179.

参考文献

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［2］IASON G R，MANTECON A R.The effects of dietary protein level during food restriction on carcass and non-carcass components，digestibility and subsequent compensatory growth in lambs［J］.Anim Prod Sci，1993，56(1)：93-100.
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［4］PITTROFF W，KEISLER D H，BLACKBURN H D.Effects of a high-protein，low-energy diet in finishing lambs：1.Feed intake，estimated nutrient uptake，and levels of plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones［J］.Livest Sci，2006，101(1-3)：262-277.
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［12］KAMALZADEH A.Energy and nitrogen metabolism in lambs during feed restriction and realimentation［J］. J Agric Sci Technol，2004，6(1/2)：21-30.
［13］SAMI A，SHAFEY T，ABOUHEIF M.Growth rate of carcass，non-carcass and chemical components of restricted fed and realimented growing lambs［J］.Int J Agric Biol，2013，15(2)：307-312.
［14］MAHOUACHI M，ATTI N.Effects of restricted feeding and re-feeding of Barbarine lambs：intake，growth and non-carcass components［J］. Anim Sci，2005，81(2)：305-312.
［15］SHADNOUSH G R，ALIKHANI M，RAHMANI H R，et al.Effects of restricted feeding and re-feeding in growing lambs：intake，growth and body organs development［J］.J Anim Vet Adv，2011，10(3)：280-285.
［16］许贵善，刁其玉，纪守坤，等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响［J］.中国畜牧杂志，2012，48(17)：40-44.
XU G S，DIAO Q Y，JI S K，et al.Effects of different feeding levels on energy and protein digestibility and metabolism of mutton sheep［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Science，2012，48(17)：40-44.(in Chinese)
［17］TEIXEIRA I，MURRAY P J，RESENDE K T，et al.Water balance in goats subjected to feed restriction［J］.Small Rumin Res，2006，63(1)：20-27.
［18］杨春涛，司丙文，斯琴巴特尔，等.补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响［J］.动物营养学报，2014，26(9)：2637-2644.
YANG C T，SI B W，SIQINBATEER，et al.Effects supplementation of concentrates with different rations of energy to nitrogen on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in lambs in pastoral areas in winter and spring［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition，2014，26(9)：2637-2644.(in Chinese)
［19］IASON G R，MANTECON A R.The effects of dietary protein level during food restriction on carcass and non-carcass components，digestibility and subsequent compensatory growth in lambs［J］.Anim Prod Sci，1993，56(1)：93-100.
［20］SINGH P，VERMA A K，SAHU D S，et al.Utilization of nutrients as influenced by different restriction levels of feed intake under sub-tropical conditions in crossbred calves［J］.Livest Sci，2008，117(2-3)：308-314.
［21］王波，柴建民，王海超，等.蛋白质水平对湖羊双胞胎公羔生长发育及肉品质的影响［J］.动物营养学报，2015，27(9)：2724-2735.
WANG B，CHAI J M，WANG H C，et al.Effects of protein levels on growth development and meat quality of male Hu twin lamb［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition，2015，27(9)：2724-2735.(in Chinese)
［22］PICCIONE G，CASELLA S，LUTRI L，et al.Reference values for some haematological，haematochemical，and electrophoretic parameters in the Girgentana goat［J］.Turk J Vet Anim Sci，2010，34(2)：197-204.
［23］VOSOOGHI-POOSTINDOZ V，FOROUGHI A R，DELKHOROSHAN A，et al.Effects of different levels of protein with or without probiotics on growth performance and blood metabolite responses during pre- and post-weaning phases in male Kurdi lambs［J］.Small Rumin Res，2014，117(1)：1-9.
［24］LI H，DIAO Q Y，ZHANG N F，et al.Effect of different protein levels on nutrient digestion metabolism and serum biochemical parameters in calves［J］.Agric Sci in China，2008，7(3)：375-380.
［25］云强，刁其玉，屠焰，等.开食料中粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦犊牛养分消化率和氮代谢的影响［J］.中国饲料，2010(9)：11-14.
YUN Q，DIAO Q Y，TU Y.et al.Effects of crude protein levels in starters on nutrient digestibility and metabolism of nitrogen of weaned Holstein bull calves［J］.［1］TYGESEN M P，HARRISON A P，THERKILDSEN M.The effect of maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation on muscle，bone and meat parameters in five month old lambs［J］. Livest Sci，2007，110(3)：230-241.
［2］IASON G R，MANTECON A R.The effects of dietary protein level during food restriction on carcass and non-carcass components，digestibility and subsequent compensatory growth in lambs［J］.Anim Prod Sci，1993，56(1)：93-100.
［3］LI D B，LIU X G，ZHANG C Z，et al.Effects of nutrient restriction followed by realimentation on growth，visceral organ mass，cellularity，and jejunal morphology in lambs［J］.Livest Sci，2015，173：24-31.
［4］PITTROFF W，KEISLER D H，BLACKBURN H D.Effects of a high-protein，low-energy diet in finishing lambs：1.Feed intake，estimated nutrient uptake，and levels of plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones［J］.Livest Sci，2006，101(1-3)：262-277.
［5］BELL J T，SAFFERY R.The value of twins in epigenetic epidemiology［J］.Int J Epidemiol，2012，41(1)：140-150.
［6］王海超，张乃锋，柴建民，等.人工哺育代乳粉对湖羊双胎羔羊生长发育、营养物质消化和血清学指标的影响［J］.动物营养学报，2015，27(2)：436-447.
WANG H C，ZHANG N F，CHAI J M，et al.Effects of artificial rearing of milk replacer on growth and development，nutrient digestion and serum indices of Hu twin lambs［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition，2015，27(2)：436-447.(in Chinese)
［7］屠焰，刁其玉，岳喜新.一种0—3月龄羔羊代乳品及其制备方法：中国，201210365927.6 ［P］.2013-01-30.
TU Y，DIAO Q Y，YUE X X.One milk replacer of lamb for 0 to 3 month age and its Preparation method：China，201210365927.6 ［P］.2013-01-30.(in Chinese)
［8］中华人民共和国农业部.农业行业标准-肉羊饲养标准NY/T 816-2004［S］.中华人民共和国农业部，2004.
The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.Agricultural industry criteria-Feed standard of sheep NY/T 816-2004［S］.The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China，2004.(in Chinese)
［9］岳喜新.蛋白水平及饲喂量对早期断奶羔羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响［D］.阿拉尔：塔里木大学，2011.
YUE X X.Effects of protein levels and feeding levels of a milk replacer on growth performance and nutrient utilization in early-weaned lambs［D］.Alaer：Tarim University，2011.(in Chinese)
［10］张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术［M］.第2版.北京：中国农业大学出版社，2003.
ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality inspection technology［M］.2rd edition.Beijing：China Agricultural University Press，2003.(in Chinese)
［11］高峰.妊娠后期限饲母羊对其胎儿生长发育及出生后羔羊补偿生长的影响［D］.呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2006.
GAO F.Effect of maternal undernutrition during late pregancy on ovine fetal development and subsequent compensatory growth of postnatal lambs［D］.Hohhot：Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，2006.(in Chinese)
［12］KAMALZADEH A.Energy and nitrogen metabolism in lambs during feed restriction and realimentation［J］. J Agric Sci Technol，2004，6(1/2)：21-30.
［13］SAMI A，SHAFEY T，ABOUHEIF M.Growth rate of carcass，non-carcass and chemical components of restricted fed and realimented growing lambs［J］.Int J Agric Biol，2013，15(2)：307-312.
［14］MAHOUACHI M，ATTI N.Effects of restricted feeding and re-feeding of Barbarine lambs：intake，growth and non-carcass components［J］. Anim Sci，2005，81(2)：305-312.
［15］SHADNOUSH G R，ALIKHANI M，RAHMANI H R，et al.Effects of restricted feeding and re-feeding in growing lambs：intake，growth and body organs development［J］.J Anim Vet Adv，2011，10(3)：280-285.
［16］许贵善，刁其玉，纪守坤，等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响［J］.中国畜牧杂志，2012，48(17)：40-44.
XU G S，DIAO Q Y，JI S K，et al.Effects of different feeding levels on energy and protein digestibility and metabolism of mutton sheep［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Science，2012，48(17)：40-44.(in Chinese)
［17］TEIXEIRA I，MURRAY P J，RESENDE K T，et al.Water balance in goats subjected to feed restriction［J］.Small Rumin Res，2006，63(1)：20-27.
［18］杨春涛，司丙文，斯琴巴特尔，等.补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响［J］.动物营养学报，2014，26(9)：2637-2644.
YANG C T，SI B W，SIQINBATEER，et al.Effects supplementation of concentrates with different rations of energy to nitrogen on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in lambs in pastoral areas in winter and spring［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition，2014，26(9)：2637-2644.(in Chinese)
［19］IASON G R，MANTECON A R.The effects of dietary protein level during food restriction on carcass and non-carcass components，digestibility and subsequent compensatory growth in lambs［J］.Anim Prod Sci，1993，56(1)：93-100.
［20］SINGH P，VERMA A K，SAHU D S，et al.Utilization of nutrients as influenced by different restriction levels of feed intake under sub-tropical conditions in crossbred calves［J］.Livest Sci，2008，117(2-3)：308-314.
［21］王波，柴建民，王海超，等.蛋白质水平对湖羊双胞胎公羔生长发育及肉品质的影响［J］.动物营养学报，2015，27(9)：2724-2735.
WANG B，CHAI J M，WANG H C，et al.Effects of protein levels on growth development and meat quality of male Hu twin lamb［J］.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition，2015，27(9)：2724-2735.(in Chinese)
［22］PICCIONE G，CASELLA S，LUTRI L，et al.Reference values for some haematological，haematochemical，and electrophoretic parameters in the Girgentana goat［J］.Turk J Vet Anim Sci，2010，34(2)：197-204.
［23］VOSOOGHI-POOSTINDOZ V，FOROUGHI A R，DELKHOROSHAN A，et al.Effects of different levels of protein with or without probiotics on growth performance and blood metabolite responses during pre- and post-weaning phases in male Kurdi lambs［J］.Small Rumin Res，2014，117(1)：1-9.
［24］LI H，DIAO Q Y，ZHANG N F，et al.Effect of different protein levels on nutrient digestion metabolism and serum biochemical parameters in calves［J］.Agric Sci in China，2008，7(3)：375-380.
［25］云强，刁其玉，屠焰，等.开食料中粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦犊牛养分消化率和氮代谢的影响［J］.中国饲料，2010(9)：11-14.
YUN Q，DIAO Q Y，TU Y.et al.Effects of crude protein levels in starters on nutrient digestibility and metabolism of nitrogen of weaned Holstein bull calves［J］.China Feed，2010(9)：11-14.(in Chinese)
［26］李茂，字学娟，周汉林，等.不同能氮水平日粮对生长期海南黑山羊血液生化指标的影响［J］.中国农学通报，2009，25(22)：17-20.
LI M，ZI X J，ZHOU H L，et al.Effects of different four diets on blood biochemical indexs for Hainan black goats［J］.Chinses Agricultural Science Bulletin，2009，25(22)：17-20.(in Chinese)
［27］赵智华，左福元，周勤飞.饲粮蛋白质水平对重庆黑山羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响［J］.畜牧与兽医，2009，41(2)：25-28.
ZHAO Z H，ZUO F Y，ZHOU Q F，et al.Effect of dietary protein levels on performance and serum biochemical indexes in Chongqing black goats［J］.Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine，2009，41(2)：25-28.(in Chinese)
［28］SÀNCHEZ-GÓMEZ M，MALMLÖF K，MEJIA W，et al.Insulin-like growth factor-I，but not growth hormone，is dependent on a high protein intake to increase nitrogen balance in the rat［J］.Br J Nutr，1999，81(2)：145-152.
［29］MAURAS N，HAYMOND M W.Are the metabolic effects of GH and IGF-I separable?［J］.Growth Horm IGF Res，2005，15(1)：19-27.
［30］FONTANA L，WEISS E P，VILLAREAL D T，et al.Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans［J］.Aging Cell，2008，7(5)：681-687.
［31］YANG J，HOU X，GAO A，et al.Effect of dietary energy and protein restriction followed by realimentation on pituitary mRNA expression of growth hormone and related genes in lambs［J］.Small Rumin Res，2014，119(1-3)：39-44.
，2010(9)：11-14.(in Chinese)
［26］李茂，字学娟，周汉林，等.不同能氮水平日粮对生长期海南黑山羊血液生化指标的影响［J］.中国农学通报，2009，25(22)：17-20.
LI M，ZI X J，ZHOU H L，et al.Effects of different four diets on blood biochemical indexs for Hainan black goats［J］.Chinses Agricultural Science Bulletin，2009，25(22)：17-20.(in Chinese)
［27］赵智华，左福元，周勤飞.饲粮蛋白质水平对重庆黑山羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响［J］.畜牧与兽医，2009，41(2)：25-28.
ZHAO Z H，ZUO F Y，ZHOU Q F，et al.Effect of dietary protein levels on performance and serum biochemical indexes in Chongqing black goats［J］.Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine，2009，41(2)：25-28.(in Chinese)
［28］SÀNCHEZ-GÓMEZ M，MALMLÖF K，MEJIA W，et al.Insulin-like growth factor-I，but not growth hormone，is dependent on a high protein intake to increase nitrogen balance in the rat［J］.Br J Nutr，1999，81(2)：145-152.
［29］MAURAS N，HAYMOND M W.Are the metabolic effects of GH and IGF-I separable?［J］.Growth Horm IGF Res，2005，15(1)：19-27.
［30］FONTANA L，WEISS E P，VILLAREAL D T，et al.Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans［J］.Aging Cell，2008，7(5)：681-687.
［31］YANG J，HOU X，GAO A，et al.Effect of dietary energy and protein restriction followed by realimentation on pituitary mRNA expression of growth hormone and related genes in lambs［J］.Small Rumin Res，2014，119(1-3)：39-44.

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