通过生长模型对不同品种鸭体重与胸肌、腿肌生长发育规律进行比较

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究对不同生长速度的鸭品种出雏后体重及胸、腿肌重的生长发育进行差异分析，为系统了解鸭骨骼肌的动态发育变化奠定基础。测定高邮鸭和金定鸭0~70日龄14个生长点的体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重，比较不同品种各个生长点体重、胸大肌重、腓肠肌重的累积生长、绝对生长、相对生长，并用Gompertz、Logistic和Bertalanffy 3种模型拟合生长曲线，根据模型的参数计算拐点重以及拐点日龄。结果：1）从出雏开始高邮鸭体重和腓肠肌重就显著高于金定鸭，胸大肌重从4日龄开始有显著差异。28~70日龄高邮鸭体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重分别是金定鸭的1.41倍、1.50倍和1.20倍。2）高邮鸭体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重的生长速度均大于金定鸭；达到最大生长速度时间点无品种差异，体重的最大生长点为20日龄，胸大肌重的最大生长点为56日龄，腓肠肌重的最大生长点为20日龄；3）通过拟合数据发现，0~16日龄高邮鸭体重生长强度高于金定鸭，而胸大肌重和腓肠肌重生长强度低于金定鸭；其后体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重生长强度在两个品种鸭之间均渐趋相同。体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重生长强度变化规律无品种差异。4）鸭胸大肌重的拐点日龄（52日龄）迟于腓肠肌重的拐点日龄（16.5日龄）；16日龄之前胸大肌重生长强度低于腓肠肌，16日龄之后高于腓肠肌。0~28日龄胸大肌生长强度缓慢减小而后期迅速减小，腓肠肌重生长强度早期迅速减小而后期缓慢减小。28~70日龄高邮鸭胸体指数高于金定鸭，而腿体指数显著低于金定鸭，这些都表明28～70日龄鸭胸肌的生长强于腿肌。在生长环境一致的条件下，不同肉用性能的鸭体重、胸大肌重和腓肠肌重的生长发育变化规律均没有差异，但胸、腿肌之间的生长发育规律差异较大，早期胸肌生长慢于腿肌，后期快于腿肌，在肉用性能上胸肌的贡献高于腿肌。

关键词: 鸭, 体重, 骨骼肌, 生长发育, 比较

Abstract:

In order to understand the development pattern of body weight and skeletal muscle of ducks，this experiment was conducted to compare the difference of growth traits about body weight，breast muscle and leg muscle between different duck breeds.The body weight，pectoralis major (PEM) weight and gastrocnemius (GAS) weight for 20 Gaoyou ducks (GYD) and 20 Jinding ducks (JDD) at day 0，4，8，12，16，20，24，28，35，42，49，56，63 and 70 were determined，respectively.The data was used to compute and compare the accumulate values，absolute values and relative values between GYD and JDD.Three models of Gompertz，Logistic and Bertalanffy were used to fit growth curves of body weight，PEM weight and GAS weight for the 2 breeds.The inflection day (ID) and weight gain at inflection (WGI) was calculated from parameters of the models.The results showed that：1) Body weight and GAS weight of GYD were significantly higher than that of JDD at the incubation period，and PEM weight of GYD was remarkably higher than that of JDD from day 4 to 70.The body weight，PEM weight and GAS weight of GYD were 1.41 times，1.50 times and 1.20 times of JDD，respectively from day 28 to 70.2) All the growth speeds of body weight，PEM weight and GAS weight of GYD were faster than that of JDD，but the maximum growth speeds day of the 3 traits are identical between the 2 breeds，which were day 20 for body weight，day 56 for PEM weight，day 20 for GAS weight.3) The body weight growth intensity of GYD was higher than that of JDD，while the growth intensities of PEM weight and GAS weight were less than that of JDD during stage of day 0-16 via analysis of fitting data.From then on，however，the growth intensities of the 3 traits approached to be identical between the 2 breeds.There was no significant difference between the 2 breeds in the varying pattern of growth intensity of body weight，PEM weight and GAS weight.4) The inflection day of PEM weight (52 day both for the 2 breeds) were far latter than that of GAS weight (16.5 day both for the 2 breeds).The growth intensity of PEM weight was less than that of GAS weight before day 16，and from then on，it was higher than that of GAS weight.During the stage of day 0-28，the growth intensity of PEM weight decreased slowly and then rapidly.In contrast，the growth intensity of GAS weight decreased rapidly and slowly from day 0 to 28.At the growth stage of day 28-70，the breast-body index of GYD was higher than that of JDD，while the leg-body index was significantly less than that of JDD.These results showed a stronger growth intensity of PEM than that of GAS during day 28-70.Under the identical growth condition，there is no significant difference between breeds as to the duck growth pattern of body weight，PEM weight and GAS weight.However，there are significant differences between breast muscle and leg muscle，breast muscle growth slower than leg muscle at early while faster at later，and breast muscle contributed more than leg muscle to meat performance.

Key words: duck, body weight, skeletal muscle, growth and development, comparison

中图分类号:

S834
S831.2

刘宏祥，宋卫涛，胡艳，宋迟，束婧婷，姬改革，李慧芳. 通过生长模型对不同品种鸭体重与胸肌、腿肌生长发育规律进行比较[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(6): 1112-1123.

LIU Hong-xiang，SONG Wei-tao，HU Yan，SONG Chi，SHU Jing-ting，JI Gai-ge，LI Hui-fang. The Comparison of Growth Patterns of Body Weight，Breast Muscle and Leg Muscle between Different Duck Breeds via Growth Models[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(6): 1112-1123.

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