Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of active immunization using inhibin α subunit mature peptide(roINH) with Montanide(MON) and Freunds (FA) adjuvants on ovarian development in Xinjiang Finewool sheep. 72 Sprague Dawley female rats of (910)weekold were divided into 3 groups and actively immunized against the recombination fusion protein of Xinjiang Finewool sheep roINH with roINH+MON adjuvant (MON group) or roINH+FA adjuvant (FA group), or injected with physiological saline (control group), respectively. Each rat received a primary immunization and 2 booster immunization at 20day interval. The results showed that, the antibody titer of MON group was significantly higher than that of FA group (P<0.05), compared to controls, mean concentration of FSH was higher (P<0.01) in the MON and FA groups, and there was a significant increase in the peak of P in MON and FA groups (P<0.05), respectively. For the entire period of the study, mean concentration and peak of FSH and P were of no significant difference between the two immune groups (P>0.05); mean concentration and peak of LH between the two immune groups had no significant difference(P>0.05). There was no significant increase between MON and FA groups in the number of mature follicle (P>0.05), which were both significant higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to FA group, the inflammatorial size was smaller and the inflammatory reaction was weaker in MON group. These results clearly demonstrate that active immunization against inhibin α subunit mature peptide in MON or FA adjuvants both can enhance immune effect, furthermore, the inflammatory reaction of MON adjuvant is less than that of FA adjuvant.