Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica

The Relationship between Construction of Phylogenetic Trees and Genetic Distances from Microsatellite

MAO Yong-jiang;CHANG Hong;YANG Zhang-ping;ZHANG Liu;XU Ming;CHANG Guo-bin;SUN Wei;SONG Guang-ming;HENNER Simianer

2008, 39(2): 129-135. doi:

Abstract ( 1542 )

PDF (372KB) ( 865 )

Related Articles | Metrics

6 genetic distances (D_A, D_C, D_S, D_sw,（σμ）² and D_TL) and 2 cluster methods (UPGMA and NJ) were used to evaluate the reliabilities of construction of phylogenetic trees based on the microsatellite data from 6 cattle populations in bovine subfamily in China. The results showed that the reliabilities of construction of phylogenetic trees were affected significantly by the heterozygosity of microsatellite sites. D_A and D_Cgenetic distances showed generally higher reliability than other distances to obtain correct phylogenetic tree, but we can’t confirm which is better to obtain the correct phylogenetic tree for NJ and UPGMA. D_TL genetic distance needed to be improved to construct the phylogenetic tree. Finally, usefulness and limitations were discussed to construct of phylogenetic trees from microsatellites.

Studies on Differentially Expressed Genes in Mammary Gland of Xinong Saanen Goat at Peak and Early Lactation Stages

WU Hui-juan;LUO Jun;ZHANG Li-juan;HAN Xue-feng;YANG Bao-jin;WANG Hai-bin

2008, 39(2): 136-142. doi:

Abstract ( 771 )

PDF (555KB) ( 726 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Suppression subtractive hybridization technology and real-time quantitative PCR were used to isolate differential expressed genes in peak lactation stage.Results showed that peak to early subtraction library was successfully built with cDNA from mammary gland of Xinong Saanen goat at the two lactation stages, and the subtraction efficiency was approximately 2⁵ fold indicated by GAPDH; PCR analysis of the total 78 positive clones demonstrated that the cDNA inserts range largely from 150 bp to 1 000 bp; 25 cDNA sequences were identified from 30 clones sequenced which represent 18 genes from the peak to early SSH library; Moreover four genes namely serum amyloid A protein 3 (SAA3), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) were chosen to do real-time quantitative PCR to confirm the expression differentiation, and found they were 17.0, 7.7, 16.3 and 1.7 fold higher in mammary gland of peak lactation than that of early lactation, respectively. Conclusion: the constructed subtraction library could be used to identify different expression genes in peak lactation stage, and the 4 genes verified by real-time quantitative PCR might become candidate genes which had function in regulating the change of milk yield and composition.

Study on the Specific Frequency Distribution of X-protein Alleles in Indigenous Sheep Populations in East and South Asia

SUN Wei;CHANG Hong;TSUNODA Kenji;YANG Zhang-ping;ZHANG Jian-hua;MA Guo-long;LU Sheng-xia;DU Lei

2008, 39(2): 143-149. doi:

Abstract ( 1427 )

PDF (519KB) ( 513 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The X-protein polymorphism of five Chinese native sheep populations including Hu sheep (Hu), Tong sheep (Tong), Tan sheep (Tan), Small-tailed Han sheep (Han) and Wadi sheep (WD) were determined using one-dimensional and horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, with other 10 Asian native sheep populations around China as the analyzed background. The result showed that an extreme significant difference in the frequency of the X allele coding dominantly for the X (+) type between the northern and southern populations of native east and south of Asia sheep divided by the boundary of the Himalaya Mountains was seen (P<0.01). The X allele frequency ranged from 0 to 0.18 with an average of 0.087 8 in the northern population examined, consisting of Small tailed Han sheep (Han), Bhutan sheep (Bhutan), Tong sheep (Tong), Hu sheep (Hu), Tan sheep (Tan), Wadi sheep (WD), Bhyanglung sheep (Bhy), Baruwal sheep (Bar), Yunnan sheep (Yunnan), Khalkhas sheep (Kh) and Ulaanbaatar sheep (Ub) belonging to the Tibetan and Mongolian sheep groups. In contrast, the frequency of the same allele was in the range of 0.203 7-0.465 5 and the mean frequency was 0.308 2 in the southern population tested, consisting of the Ban (Bangal sheep), Kagi (Kagi sheep), Lamp (Lampuchhre sheep), Cham (Vietnamese Cham sheep) and Mya (Myanmar sheep), which belong to the Indian sheep group. This finding suggests that the X allele appears to be an Indian sheep marker and is potenitially important in phylogenetic studies on native sheep populations, especially in east and south of Asia.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Partial of Caprine ADD1 Gene

ZHU Ji;YANG Shi-liu;OUYANG Xu-xiang;SUN Jian-bang

2008, 39(2): 150-157. doi:

Abstract ( 873 )

PDF (1067KB) ( 636 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Extracted total DNAs from Xiangdong Black goat, the caprine ADD1(Adipocyte Determination and Differentiation factor-1) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction , using three pairs of primers, and then were coloned and sequenced. Sequencing results of the PCR-derived fragments showed that the amplified fragments contained the exon 2-8 and intron 2-7 of caprine ADD1 gene. We sent the sequences to GenBank and obtained two accession number : DQ480338，DQ487874; Blasted the coding sequences(exon 2-8) with the bovine and human being, the nucleotide identities were 96.14%,83.82%, respectively, even the amino acid identities was 97.9％ comparing with the bovine ; furthermore , comparing the sequencing results of different primers ,we find a base conversion（C→T）and a base insert or absence（G/-） located on the 42th of exon 6 and the 82th of intron 6, respectively, and the former base conversion which was silent mutation made no AA transformation.

The Secretory Characteristics of Melatonin of Jining Gray Goat in Different Seasons

GE Shi-hao;GAO Li-kun;WANG Shu-ying;WEI Shu-dong;HOU Yan-meng

2008, 39(2): 158-163. doi:

Abstract ( 1546 )

PDF (827KB) ( 738 )

Related Articles | Metrics

For studying the endocrine mechanism about seasonal empathema of Jining Gray goats, the principle of the melatonin concentration in peripheral blood and serotonin contents in pineal body were tested by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox and winter solstice. The results indicated that the concentration of melatonin showed circadian rhythm in peripheral blood, it reached the maximum at midnight and minimum at midday. Melatonin contents associated with seasonal changes. At night, the average concentration of melatonin in the summer solstice was the highest (P<0.01), no difference between the vernal equinox and the autumn equinox (P>0.05), and the concentration of melatonin in this three seasons were significant higher than that in the winter solstice (P<0.05).At daytime, melatonin contents showed no difference in all seasons (P>0.05). The area of serotonin-positive cells was the smallest in summer, the largest in winter in pineal body. There were no significant difference between spring and autumn (P>0.05).

Comparison on Transfection Methods of Chicken Spermatogonial Cells with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in vitro

YU Fei;SUN Guo-bo;SUN Peng-xiang;HE Xian-hong;NI Li-gang;LI Bi-chun

2008, 39(2): 164-169. doi:

Abstract ( 818 )

PDF (805KB) ( 571 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was transfected into chicken embryonic spermatogonial cells (CESC_S) in vitro by three different methods, calcium acid phosphate, liposome（Sofast）and electroporation, to obtain the optimal transfection strategy by detecting the transfection efficiencies. In this study, CESCs were isolated from chicken embryo testis on 16th hatching days, then cultured and subcultured in vitro. CESCs were identified by AKP activity and SSEA-1 immunofluorescence assay at the 2^nd generation. Three different methods, calcium acid phosphate, liposome (Sofast) and electroporation, were used to transfect pEGFP-N₁plasmid into CESCs. The transfection efficiencies were measured by cell counting under fluorescent microscopy. The results indicated that transfecting CESCs by electroporation had significant higher cells survival rate and tansfection efficiency than that by calcium acid phosphate and liposome (Sofast) (68％vs39％，65％；19.70％vs2.92％，9.73％). Therefore, we concluded that electroporation is the optimal transfection method to transfect exogenous gene into chicken embryonic spermatogonial cells in vitro.

Segmental Distribution and Ontogenetic Regulation of Cationic Amino Acid Transporter mRNA Expression in the Small Intestine of Pigs

ZHOU Xiang-yan;ZUO Jian-jun;ZHI Ai-min;ZHANG Chang-ming;HUANG Zhi-yi;ZHANG Yan;WANG Xiu-qi;FENG Ding-yuan

2008, 39(2): 170-175. doi:

Abstract ( 1317 )

PDF (800KB) ( 727 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Segmental distribution and ontogenetic regulation of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) mRNA expression was evaluated in pigs along the horizontal axis of the intestine. A total of 35 littermate purebred Lantang gilts and 35 littermate purebred Landrace gilts were divided into seven groups at the ages of d 1, 7, 26, 30, 60, 90 and 150, respectively. Intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were collected. The CAT1 mRNA abundance was determined by real-time RT-PCR using SYBR Green I RT-PCR mix Kit. Results indicated that the CAT1 mRNA levels in Landrace pigs at day 60 were increased from the proximal to distal part of the small intestine (P < 0.05) and dropped dramatically in colon (P < 0.05). The ileum had the highest CAT1 mRNA abundance and the colon had the lowest. During the sucking period (day 1 to 26), the CAT1 mRNA abundances in duodenum and jejunum were increased and dropped with age after weaning. The CAT1 mRNA abundances of Lantang pigs at day 150 were significant lower than that at other ages (P < 0.05) and the CAT1 mRNA abundances of Landrace pigs at day 90 and 150 were significant lower than that at other ages (P < 0.05). However, there is no difference between day 26 and 150 in the jejunum CAT1 mRNA abundance And the pigs at day 26 have a higher CAT1 mRNA abundance than that at day 1 and 7 (P < 0.05). For ileum, CAT1 mRNA in the Landrace and Lantang pigs increased during day 1 to 60, and then dropped (P < 0.05) There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the CAT1 mRNA abundance of Landrace and Lantang pigs in duodenum and jejunum. For ileum, the CAT1 mRNA abundance of Landrace at day 26 was significant higher than that of Lantang pigs (P < 0.05), however, at day 90 and 150 were both lower than that of Lantang pigs(P < 0.05).In conclusion, the mRNA expression of CAT1 was not only differentially regulated by age but also differentially distributed along the small intestine of piglets at early stages and growing stages of life, which may be related to luminal substrate concentration as well as amino acid requirement and hormone.

The Apparent Organ Matter Digestibility in Different Diets Determined by Direct and Indirect Chromic Oxide or AIA Marker Methods for Steers

CHEN Yao;XING Zhuang;MO Fang;XU Ping;JIANG Jun;GAO Bo;HUANG Mu-jia;JIANG Li

2008, 39(2): 176-181. doi:

Abstract ( 755 )

PDF (405KB) ( 1289 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of direct collection feces, Cr₂O₃ and AIA to predict OM digestibility (OMD) of diets. Four Simmental crossing steers and four Holstein steers in two experiments were respectively assigned randomly to feed alfalfa, hay, concentrate diets in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design to estimate OMD of eight different diets All feces were collected during wk 1. The OMD evaluated with the Cr₂O₃ method were significantly lower to compare with the AIA method, and the OMD determined with the direct collection feces were not statistically significant difference with Cr₂O₃or AIA method, but the difference of OMD determined by Cr₂O₃and AIA method was significant (P＜0.05). The fecal recovery of Cr₂O₃was 90.74% and was lower than that of AIA (118.17%). In conclusion, Cr₂O₃ may be used as a marker to measure digestibility in steers.

Morphogenesis of New Gosling Type Viral Enteritis Virus and Ultrastructural Pathology of Tissues in Experimentally Infected Duck Embryo

CHEN Shun;CHENG An-chun;WANG Ming-shu;ZHOU Yi;CHEN Xiao-yue

2008, 39(2): 182-188. doi:

Abstract ( 714 )

PDF (1591KB) ( 726 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The morphogenesis of new gosling type viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in duck embryo and the ultrastructural changes of host cells were observed and analysed by using electron microscopic techniques. 10 days old duck embryos were infected experimentally with NGVEV. Chorioallantois,intestine, heart, liver, brain and muscular stomach were collected at different times. The investigation showed that the typical adenovirion could be found in chorioallantois, intestine, heart, liver, brain and muscular stomach at the different infection stages. The virus particles were round in shape with diameter of 60-70 nm. There are three significant morphogenetic envents of NGVEV according to our observation: entry, virion morphogenesis and release. The virion entered the cell by attaching to cytoplasmic membrane and replicated,matured in the nucleus.Finally virions released into extracellular space through broken of cytoplasmic membraneThe target cells that virus mainly attacked were the chorioallantois epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of intestine, fibrocytes, hepatocytes ,muscular stomach mucus membrane epithelial cells and cardiac muscle cells The target organelles that virus mainly attacked were rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria (Mi) RER in the cytoplasm expanded heavily during infection Mitochondria in the chorioallantois epithelial cells were ultracondensed and aggregated into compact clusters, but mitochondria in other cells were inflated and disaggregated after NGVEV infection NGVEV could induce apoptosis in host cells The morphological changes of apoptosis including the apoptotic cells shrank, chromatin condensation and margination, and the formation of apoptotic bodies

Analysis of Genes Affecting the Replication Property of H9N2 Avian Influenza A Viruses

SHI Huo-ying;SUN Lei;CHEN Su-juan;LU Jian-hong;LIU Xiu-fan

2008, 39(2): 189-194. doi:

Abstract ( 1429 )

PDF (380KB) ( 594 )

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the replicating feature of H9 avian influenza virus (AIV) in chickens, A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2) (SS) strain,which representing the earlier strain isolated in chickens in Guangdong province in 1994, and A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2) (F) strain, which was isolated in Shanghai during 1998 pandemic period, were selected as represent strains in this research. Three recombinants were constructed based on 6 genes from F strain and HA,NA genes from SS strain by reverse genetic technique. RF7/SSHA virus was composed of the HA gene from SS strain and the remaining seven genes from F strain, RF7/SSNA virus was composed of the NA gene derived from SS strain and the remaining seven genes from F strain, and RF6/SSHA/SSNA virus was composed of the HA and NA genes of SS strain and the remaining 6 genes from F strain. Then the replicating property of the five H9N2 viruses were compared in SPF chickens. Groups of three 4week old SPF chickens were inoculated with the AIVs by oral, tracheal and nasal routes. Virus replication was monitored 3 days after inoculation. Virus load in terms of ELD50/EID50 in trachea, lung and intestine were assayed 3 days after inoculation. The results showed that the replicating property of H9N2 subtype AIVs in chickens are determined by HA and NA genes mainly, and also related to internal genes. After 4 year’s adaption and gene evolution, F strain isolated in 1998 have stronger replication ability than earlier AIV strain in respiratory system, which lay the foundation of aerosol infection.

Isolation and Identification of Swine Influenza A Subtype H3N2 Strain and Sequencing of the Virus Genome

SUN Zhi-yong;GUO Wan-zhu;HAN Guo-quan;CHEN Jin-hui;WANG Xiao-yu;XU Zhi-wen

2008, 39(2): 195-200. doi:

Abstract ( 2025 )

PDF (533KB) ( 775 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A influenza virus strain was isolated from a pig farm in Sichuan province and identified by HA, HI and RT-PCR and some other methods, then it was named A/swine/Sichuan/01/2006(H3N2). The virus could not only passage stably in SPF embryonated eggs but also multiply in MDCK cell line and induce conspicuous pathological changes. The sequence analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of A/swine/Sichuan/01/2006(H3N2) strain shared 99% homology with standard strains A/swine/Hong Kong/4361/99(H3N2)，A/New York/429/2003(H3N2)，A/Queensland/6/ 2000 (H3N2) and A/New South Wales/4/1999(H3N2).The results of sequence analysis indicated that the genome of A/swine/Sichuan/01/2006(H3N2）strain includes 8 fragments and the total sequence is 13 577 bp. Phylogenetic trees based on HA and NA protein gene deduced amino acid sequence showed that A/swine/Sichuan/01/2006(H3N2）have close relationship with the standard strains A/Queensland/6/2000(H3N2) and A/South Australia/ 81 / 2000 (H3N2).

Molecular Cloning and Expression Patterns Analysis of the P27 Gene from Hyalomma asiaticum Ticks

WANG Yu-xia;ZHOU Yong-zhi;GONG Hai-yan;CHENG Tian-yin;ZHOU Jin-lin

2008, 39(2): 201-205. doi:

Abstract ( 1073 )

PDF (1263KB) ( 589 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the regulation mechanism of the tick salivary glands by blood feeding, and screen vaccine candidates, a EST with poly(A) tail from the subtractive cDNA library of the hard tickHyalomma asiaticum was further studied. 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ENDS (RACE) were used to clone the full length cDNA. The full length of the gene named P27 is 827 bp and the coding region is from 35 bp to 706 bp. The putative protein of P27 is 27 kDa,and the isoelectric point is 4.22. The structure analysis showed that it contain a cross-membrane region and many activated loci, which suggest its transcript action in cell. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences showed low homology with reported protein in the database. Expression analysis by RT-PCR revealed that P27 was expressed in salivary gland, shell and midgut of fed tick, but not in the unfed tick, which indicates P27 is induced to express by tick blood feeding.

Isolation and Bioinformatic Analysis of FullLength Catepsin L Gene

LUO Hong-lin;ZHANG Wei-yu;HUANG Wei-yi

2008, 39(2): 206-211. doi:

Abstract ( 1164 )

PDF (713KB) ( 665 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The full length cDNA sequence of Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L gene was isolated from cDNA library using the method which combined the touchdown and gradient PCR. The library vector and gene specific primer had been designed for performing the touchdown and gradient PCR.The products of PCR were cloned into pMD18-T vector and then sequenced. The bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the ORF, amino acid sequence, amino acid homology alignment,the secondary and tertiary domain, and so on. The extended sequence is composed of 990 base pairs coding 330 amino acids which MW and PI are 36 771.2 u and 5.44, respectively.The secondary structure prediction showed that the alpha helix,bata sheet and coil are 17.3%,27.0% and 55.8%, respectively.Two transmembrane areas and two hydropathicity profiles were found but without significant signal peptide and glycosylation sites. Results of amino acid alignment against SWISS-Port database showed that the sequence belongs to the cysteine family.And the three diamensions picture has been gained by the way of Mock construction of molecular confirmation which showed the 49% homology with the cathepsin K gene.

Highly Efficacious Expression and Immune Efficacy of Recombinant 45W-4BX and TSOL18 from Taenia solium Oncosphere

LUO Xue-nong;ZHENG Ya-dong;HU Zhi-min;DING Jun-tao;ZHANG Shao-hua;HOU Jun-ling;DOU Yong-xi;GUO Ai-jiang;JING Zhi-zhong;CAI Xue-peng

2008, 39(2): 212-217. doi:

Abstract ( 1166 )

PDF (573KB) ( 663 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Genes 45W-4B and TSOL18 were amplified by RT-PCR. The truncated 45W-4B named 45W-4BX was acquired by PCR.45W-4BX and TSOL18 were subcloned into pGEX-4T-1， respectively. Soluble 45W-4BX and TSOL18 in the form of inclusive bodies were detected by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and the results indicated that they could be recognized by sera from cysticercosis patients. Purified antigens 45W-4BX, TSOL18 and GST and cysticercus cellulosae coarse extract were used to immunize pigs, which were experimentally challenged with 25 000 eggs of Taenia solium 28 days postimmunization. Data suggested that antibody level would start to raise at 15 days and reach peak at 45 days postimmunization. Reduction in the number of cysticerci in the groups immunized with recombinant proteins were above 88%. Level of protection of groups vaccinated with TSOL18 and 45W-4BX did not show significant difference in comparison with the cysticercus cellulosae coarse extract. Recombinant antigens TSOL18 and 45W-4BX were primarily elucidated and their protective efficacy was confirmed.

The Coexpression of IFN-γR and ER in the Hypothalamus of Rats

ZHAO Hui-ying;HE Shu-hai;XU Yong-ping

2008, 39(2): 218-222. doi:

Abstract ( 1248 )

PDF (872KB) ( 683 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the interaction and balance relationship between substances in the neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory network, we researched the coexistence of the IFN-γR and ER immunoreactivity(ir) in the hypothalamus of healthy adult female SD rat by immunohistochemistry method.The results were as follows: there were IFN-γR-ir and ER-ir single and double labeled cells in the hypothalamus. The double labeled cells were mainly located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, anterolateral nucleus, periventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus, nuclei of anterior hypothalamic nucleus, poster hypothalamic nucleus, ventral premammillary nucleus, dorsal premammillary nucleus, and so on. IFN-γR/ER double labelled cells accounted for about 60.9% of total labeled cells.The IFNγR-ir producs were blue-black, which were mainly located in the cytoplasm. The ER-ir products were brown in color, which were mainly located in the whole neurons. These results implied that there were interaction between the IFN-γR and ER in the neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory network, which probably join in the action of the neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory network.

Pathological Studies on Central Nerve of Rabbits Induced by Hemerocallin

ZHAO Xing-hua;WANG Jian-hua;HE Xin;YU Yong-tao;LIU Zhi-bin;GENG Guo-xia

2008, 39(2): 223-227. doi:

Abstract ( 1672 )

PDF (1602KB) ( 828 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Pathological studies on central nerve of rabbits induced by hemerocallin were carried out. Hemerocallin was extracted from the roots of Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L., and suspensoided with 1% starch solution to the concentration of 2%. The suspension was drenched to the experimental rabbits with 4 mL/kg, while control rabbits were treated with 1% starch solution respectively everyday. On the fourth day after treatment, nerve fibers of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord and optic nerve of experimental rabbits began to demyelinate, and the pathological changes in the cerebellum spread from the center of the white matter to the circumference, while reversed in spinal cord, finally they all took on fasciculus vascularis luffae changes. From the seventh day, Purkinje’s cells and neuron of spinal cord began to appear pycnosis and necroses. On the tenth day, neuron of cerebrum also took on the same pathological changes, then dead neuron were phagocytosed by colloid cells, and layer of retina became thin, retinal ganglion cells pyknosis were found, and then disappeared. On ultrastructural level, myelin sheath became loose，broken and lost primary compact structure；Bioblast of nerve cells were intumesced, meanwhile, chondriosome were swelled, dissolved, disappeared, existing many vacuoles; Rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated and changed in structure. This research proved that hemerocallin can hurt nerve fibers and nerve cells seriously, and cause cecity and death at last.

Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin Growth Factor-1 on the in vitro Cytoplasmic Maturation of Buffalo Oocytes

WANG Xiao-li;CUI Kui-qing;SHU Jin-hui;FENG Gui-xue;SHI De-shun;BIAN Gui-hua;WEI Jing-wei

2008, 39(2): 228-232. doi:

Abstract ( 790 )

PDF (928KB) ( 746 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes was evaluated according to the monolayer distribution of cortical granule (CG) beneath the plasmalemma following fluorescent staining. Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the cytoplasmic maturation of buffalo oocytes were examined in this study. Results showed that all EGF at the concentration tested (10, 20, 30, 50 ng/mL) could promote the maturity of buffalo oocyte cytoplasm, the distribution pattern of CG changed gradually from middle to cortex with the concentration of EGF increased. The maturity of buffalo oocyte cytoplasm was also improved significantly by adding 30 ng/mL IGF into the maturation medium (P<0.05), the distribution pattern of CG changed gradually from middle to cortex as the concentration of IGF-1 increased to 30 ng/mL, and then changed gradually from cortex to middle as the concentration of IGF-1 increased to either 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL. More oocytes matured significantly when they were cultured in the maturation medium containing 20 ng/mL EGF and 30 ng/mL IGF-1 in comparison with them cultured in either 30 ng/mL IGF-1 or 20 ng/mL EGF groups(P<0.05). These results indicate that EGF and IGF-1 have a cooperative effects on the in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes.

Study on Dynamics and Hormonal Regulation of Yolk Sac Utilization in Different Breeds of Newly-hatched Broilers

HUANG Jin-xiu;LUO Xu-gang;LV Lin;LIU Bin

2008, 39(2): 233-239. doi:

Abstract ( 1447 )

PDF (367KB) ( 672 )

Related Articles | Metrics

This experiment was conducted to study the dynamics and hormonal regulation of yolk sac utilization in different breeds of newly-hatched broilers. A total of 552 newly-hatched broilers (276 Beijing-You (BY) male broilers and 276 Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers) were used, and the birds of each breed were allotted randomly into six replicates of 46 birds according to body weight. After being weighed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 posthatching, 36 broilers of each breed were selected and killed. The results showed that: (1) Initial body weight and growth rate of BY broilers were significantly lower than those of AA broilers. (2) Yolk sac weight, air-dried material and total energy contents of yolk sacs in both BY and AA broilers decreased in a exponential fashion with age, but the coefficients of the exponential functions of BY broilers were smaller than those of AA broilers. (3) Leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs varied with age and breed. During 3 days posthatching, leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs of both BY and AA broilers increased with age. Compared with those of AA broilers, leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs of BY broilers were higher (P ≤ 0.041 3) on days 0 and 3. The results suggested that the dynamics of yolk sac utilization were similar between BY and AA broilers with a decrease in an exponential way with age, and yolk sacs of BY broilers were utilized faster, which was in part due to the higher levels of leptin and insulin in yolk sacs of BY broilers compared with AA broilers.

Effects of Different Dietary Cellulose Levels on Microbial Recovery Rate after Detaching and DNA Extraction Rate in vitro

WANG Meng-zhi;LI Guo-xiang;WANG Hong-rong;ZHANG Jie;CAO Heng-chun

2008, 39(2): 240-244. doi:

Abstract ( 693 )

PDF (453KB) ( 665 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Three goats which fisted with permanent rumen cannulas were used to provide rumen fluid to harvest microbes in vitro, and to investigate the effects of rations in different starch to cellulose ratio on recovery rate of microbes from rumen fluid after detaching and rate of DNA extraction from rumen microbes. Substrates were designed by varying the ratio of starch to cellulose (NSC∶SC) as follows: 100∶0, 70∶30, 50∶50, 30∶70, 0∶100. Results showed that the recovery rate of microbes from rumen fluid after detaching and the rate of DNA extraction from rumen microbes generally decreased with the increase of dietary cellulose ratio. The average recovery rate of microbes was 53.29%, and the average rate of DNA extraction from mixed microbes was 51.0%, it was further observed that the rate of DNA extraction from bacteria (45.4%) were significantly less than those samples from protozoa (56.1%) (P<0.05). The results also showed that the molecular size of DNA fragment were larger than 20 kb, and the DNA which extracted from all the samples were fit for further studies.

Primary Study on Common Antigens of Iron-Regulated Outer Membrane Proteins of Serotype 1 and 3 Pasteurella multocida Strains

YU Xu-ping;WU Dong-dong;LIU Xiao-ning;HU Dong-jian;DU Xin;CHEN Yu-yin

2008, 39(2): 245-250. doi:

Abstract ( 747 )

PDF (583KB) ( 682 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Avian Pasteurella multocida strain C48-19(serotype1), P1059 (serotype3) grown in brain-heart infusion broth containing the iron chelator dipyridyl expressed additional outer membrane proteins (OMPs) compared with those grown in normal brain-heart infusion. These OMPs were merely expressed in iron deficient medium and were considered to be iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs). The SDS-PAGE patterns showed the existence of 87, 81, 79, 64, 60.5 ku IROMPs in both strains. The following Western blotting demonstrated that 87, 79, 60.5 ku proteins can be recognized by the convalescent serum from chicken recovered form C48-19′s infection. These three proteins were considered to be conserved IROMPs with cross immunoreactivity, and might be common antigens of these two strains that expressed in vivo. Furthermore, OMPs of C48-19 grown in chicken allantolic fluid shared similar pattern with those grown in iron depleted media.

Sulfated Modification of Epimedium Polysaccharide and Effects of the Modifiers on Cellular Infectivity of IBDV

LU Yu;HU Yuan-liang;HUANG Xiao-yan;WANG De-yun;WANG Jun-min;XU Yu-feng;ZHAO Xiao-na

2008, 39(2): 251-256. doi:

Abstract ( 827 )

PDF (375KB) ( 663 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Nine modification conditions were designed to sulfate epimedium polysaccharide (EPS) by chlorsulfonic acid-pyridine method as orthogonal test, and nine sulfated EPS (sEPS) were obtained. The effects of the nine sEPS on IBDV infecting chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) was compared by MTT assay. The results showed that modified sEPS had significant enhanced resisting effect of CEF on IBDV infection in comparison with non-sulfated EPS especially sEPS2 and sEPS5 presented better effects. The enhanced resisting effects of sEPS have certain relationships with the degree of sulfation (DS) and carbohydrate content. The optimum modification conditions were the reaction temperature of 80℃, the ratio of chlosulfonic acid to pyridine of 1∶8 and the reaction time of 2 h.

Table of Content