Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the polymorphism of IL10 gene exons in rabbit and aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for further reseach on correlation between rabbit IL10 gene and disease resistance. Five exons of IL10 gene in 5 rabbit populations including Beaver Color Rex rabbit,White Rex rabbit,Wanline Angora rabbit,Jiuyishan rabbit and Minxinan Black rabbit were scanned by PCRSSCP method with five specific primers designed according to the IL10 sequence from GenBank. The results showed that 10 genotypes and 4 alleles were found in exon3 of IL10 gene which contained three SNPs, 3 genotypes and 2 alleles were found in exon4 which contained one SNP. There was no mutation found at exon1, exon2, exon5 of IL10 gene. In exon3, D allele was found only in Minxinan Black rabbit and Jiuyishan rabbit.The distribution of these genotypes in all populations was consistent with the HardyWeinberg equilibrium except Beaver Color Rex rabbit and Minxinan Black rabbit, which was very significantly different (P<0.01) among different populations. In exon4, A1B1 genotype was not found in Rex rabbit group.The distribution of these genotypes was significant different (P<0.05 or P<0.01) among different populations except between Beaver Color and White Rex rabbit (P>0.05). These results indicated that genetic diversity of rabbit IL10 gene was detected in exon3 and exon4.