生长育肥猪精准营养供给技术及智能化养殖设备研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.003

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 501-512.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.003

生长育肥猪精准营养供给技术及智能化养殖设备研究进展

潘俊毅¹^,²(), 吴青瑶²^,³, 谭碧娥¹, 郭秋平², 黄瑞林², 陈家顺¹^,⁴^,*()

1. 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院动物营养基因组与种质创新研究中心, 长沙 410128
2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室动物营养生理与代谢过程湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125
3. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070
4. 禹城保立康生物饲料有限公司, 德州 251200

收稿日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2025-02-23 发布日期:2025-02-26
通讯作者: 陈家顺 E-mail:pjy0319@163.com;jschen@hunau.edu.cn
作者简介:潘俊毅(1999-)，男，江苏淮安人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail: pjy0319@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300403)；湖南省青年科技人才项目(2022RC1032)；云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090032)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35)；湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金项目(22B0206)

Research Progress on Precise Nutrition Supply Technology and Intelligent Farming Equipment for Growing-Finishing Pigs

PAN Junyi¹^,²(), WU Qingyao²^,³, TAN Bi'e¹, GUO Qiuping², HUANG Ruilin², CHEN Jiashun¹^,⁴^,*()

1. Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Enhancement Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
4. Yucheng Bao Likang Biological Feed Company Limited, Dezhou 251200, China

Received:2024-04-07 Online:2025-02-23 Published:2025-02-26
Contact: CHEN Jiashun E-mail:pjy0319@163.com;jschen@hunau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国大多数集约化与规模化生猪养殖场存在着养殖密度过高、饲料利用率低、养殖成本居高不下以及环境污染等诸多问题。生猪精准营养供给是解决上述问题的关键。根据生长育肥猪的性别、营养需要、生理状态和生产要求等特征，制定个性化饲养方案，从而显著改善猪的生长性能，提高饲料利用率，降低养殖成本，减轻环境污染，有助于推动养猪业的可持续发展。本文对生长育肥猪精准营养供给研究进展进行归纳，主要从动态营养需要体系、营养精准供给方式和智能化设备等方面进行阐述。同时本研究也对今后的研究趋势做出展望，旨在为生长育肥猪营养精准供给的研究提供参考依据。

关键词: 生长育肥猪, 营养需要, 精准营养供给, 智能设备

Abstract:

This article summarizes the research progress in precise nutritional supply for growing-finishing pigs in China, where most intensive and large-scale pig farms encounter issues such as excessive breeding density, low feed utilization efficiency, high breeding costs, and environmental pollution. The key to addressing these challenges lies in the precise nutritional supply for pigs. By developing individualized feeding plans based on the characteristics of pigs, including gender, dietary needs, physiological status, and production requirements, can significantly improve pig growth performance, enhance feed utilization efficiency, reduce breeding costs, and mitigate environmental pollution. This approach is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the pig farming industry. The article summarizes the research progress in precise nutrition supply of growing-finishing pigs, mainly elaborates on the dynamic nutritional requirement system, precise nutritional supply methods, and intelligent equipment. Additionally, it forecasts future research trends, aiming to provide a reference for the research on precise nutritional supply for growing-finishing pigs.

Key words: growing-finishing pigs, nutrition requirements, precise nutrition supply, intelligent equipment

中图分类号:

潘俊毅, 吴青瑶, 谭碧娥, 郭秋平, 黄瑞林, 陈家顺. 生长育肥猪精准营养供给技术及智能化养殖设备研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 501-512.

PAN Junyi, WU Qingyao, TAN Bi'e, GUO Qiuping, HUANG Ruilin, CHEN Jiashun. Research Progress on Precise Nutrition Supply Technology and Intelligent Farming Equipment for Growing-Finishing Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 501-512.

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品种或品系 Breed	性别 Sex	始重/kg IBW	末重/kg FBW	平均日增重/g ADG	平均日采食量/g ADFI	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) DE	净能/(MJ·d^-1) NE	参考文献 References
川藏黑猪 Chuanzang Black Pigs	公母1∶1	16.71~23.63	44.27~52.41	573.45~642.15	1 350.00~1 570.00	13.66~13.72		[16]
德江复兴猪 Dejiang Fuxing Pigs	公母1∶1	17.87~22.13	41.01~54.12	466.83~535.39	1 723.41~1 934.23	13.70		[17]
沂蒙黑猪 Yimeng Black Pigs	—	60.00	90.00	601.85~752.08	3 440.29~3 948.24	12.99		[18]
江泉白猪 Jiangquan White Pigs	公	60.00	90.00	850.60~1011.31	2 497.00~3 504.00	14.26		[19]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	公母1∶1	22.91~22.99	49.63~53.00	701.00~791.00	1 490.00~1 600.00		9.45	[20]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	公	23.54~25.46	55.23~57.46	717.00~794.00	1 371.00~1 505.00		15.43	[21]
长白×大白 Landrace × Large White	母	34.70~35.60	106.90~111.40	1 046.00~1 177.00	2 684.00~3 216.00		28.81	[22]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	母	62.00	101.00	810.00~870.00	2 360.00~2 420.00		23.19	[23]

品种或品系 Breed	性别 Sex	始重/kg IBW	末重/kg FBW	平均日增重/g ADG	平均日采食量/g ADFI	粗蛋白质/% CP	赖氨酸/% Lys	赖能比 SID Lys∶NE	参考文献 References
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace× Yorkshire)	公母1∶1	37.01~37.42	66.24~67.46	693.00~715.00	1 481.00~1 519.00	14.80	0.70	0.65	[24]
PIC(337×1050)	母	38.10~38.30	61.30~65.50	820.00~970.00	1 910.00~1 970.00	20.10	1.10	0.99	[25]
皮×长×大 Pietrain×(Landrace× Large white	公母1∶1	32.00	49.97~52.19	691.00~788.00	1 410.00~1 520.00	16.69	1.10	1.07	[26]
皮×长×大 Pietrain×(Landrace× Large white	公	70.40	88.70~91.80	830.00~968.00	2 080.00~2 210.00	15.16	0.95	0.92	[27]
长白×大白 Landrace× Large White	公	30.00	60.00	665.00~829.00	1 649.00~2 042.00	16.00	0.79	0.76	[28]
长白×大白 Landrace× Large White	母	29.59~30.81	58.41~61.79	720.00~774.00	1 589.00~1 683.00	17.00	0.88	0.85	[29]
淮猪 Huai pigs	公母1∶1	29.76~32.76	57.22~62.28	410.00~470.00	1 750.00~1 830.00	13.10	0.72	0.79	[30]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace× Yorkshire)	公母1∶1	76.89~79.62	102.38~105.1	823.00~879.00	2 775.00~2 856.00	13.20	0.70	0.67	[31]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace× Yorkshire)	公母1∶1	78.14~78.22	105.97~107.56	925.00~978.70	3 270.00~3 480.00	12.50	0.73	0.70	[32]
AG×PIC	公	94.54~96.24	119.27~125.31	934.00~1090.00	3 348.00~3 582.00	13.50	0.70	0.69	[33]
杜×长×大 Duroc×(Landrace× Yorkshire)	公母1∶1	38.64~41.62	67.34~73.24	743.00~885.00	2 180.00~2 460.00	15.00	0.75	0.72	[34]
(皮×杜)×(长×大) ([Pietrain×Duroc]× [Landrace×York-shire])	公母1∶1	28.90	53.00	862.00	1 679.00	18.35	1.10	1.08	[35]

品种或品系 Breed	饲喂方式 Feeding method	影响指标 Impact indicators	参考文献 References
长白×大白¹ Landrace×Large White	早晨(5：30)：高能下午(16：30)：低能	粗蛋白质(+8.02%) 粗脂肪(+4.64%) 粗灰分(+16.88%)	[47]
长白×大白¹ Landrace×Large White	早晨(5：30)：低能下午(16：30)：高能	粗蛋白质(+4.61%) 粗脂肪(+3.50%) 粗灰分(+4.87%)	[47]
杜×长×大² Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	早晨：高能晚上：低能	平均日采食量(-1%) 料肉比(-3.4%)	[48]
杜×长×大² Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	早晨：低能晚上：高能	平均日采食量(-2.48%) 料肉比(-1.9%)	[48]
杜×长×大³ Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	早晨(5：30)：高能下午(15：00)：低能	尿素氮(-26.76%) 超氧化物歧化酶(+14.25%)	[49]
杜×长×大³ Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)	早晨(5：30)：低能下午(15：00)：高能	尿素氮(-41.04%) 超氧化物歧化酶(+8.2%)	[49]

[1]	刘攀, 李瑞琦, 谭占坤, 王逸飞, 陈晓晨, 何伟先, 杜忍让, 马健, 褚瑰燕, 蔡传江. 高纤维日粮对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质及肠道微生物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4247-4259.
[2]	杜坤, 焦洪超, 王晓鹃, 赵景鹏, 林海. 基于玉米种植的生长育肥猪粪污农田承载力[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(5): 1049-1059.
[3]	周晓容, 孙佩佩, 刘志云, 钟晓霞, 刘作华, 杨飞云. 发酵菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的营养价值评定[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(3): 524-533.
[4]	杨永生，谢红兵，刘丽莉，江碧波，禹琪芳，贺建华. 湘村黑猪各阶段营养需求参数研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2013, 44(9): 1400-1410.
[5]	刘作华;杨飞云;孔路军;周晓容;辜玉红;王孝友. 日粮能量水平对生长育肥猪肌内脂肪含量以及脂肪酸合成酶和激素敏感脂酶mRNA表达的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2007, 38(9): 934-941.

生长育肥猪精准营养供给技术及智能化养殖设备研究进展

Research Progress on Precise Nutrition Supply Technology and Intelligent Farming Equipment for Growing-Finishing Pigs

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