CRISPR/Cas9系统在家畜生殖细胞中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生殖细胞是生命体遗传物质传递的主要载体，在家畜育种过程中发挥重要作用。人们对畜产品需求的不断增加促进了精确育种技术的发展。基因编辑技术显著提升基因强化和疾病治疗成效，这一进展凸显了将该技术应用于家畜生殖细胞研究的重要性。与其他基因编辑技术相比，CRISPR/Cas9系统和CRISPR/Cas12系统的研究较为深入。CRISPR/Cas技术已在多项研究中取得突破性进展，被视为一种极有潜力的育种改良手段。本文主要针对两种CRISPR/Cas系统及CRISPR/Cas9系统在家畜生殖细胞中的应用进行综述，对家畜生殖细胞形成过程进行简要概括，阐述CRISPR/Cas9系统和CRISPR/Cas12系统的原理、构成和衍生技术，介绍CRISPR/Cas9系统在家畜生殖细胞中的应用，对基因编辑技术广泛应用于家畜生殖细胞进行展望，旨在为未来畜牧基因编辑领域的研究提供参考。

关键词: 基因编辑技术, CRISPR/Cas9系统, CRISPR/Cas12系统, 家畜生殖细胞

Abstract:

Germ cells are crucial for transmitting genetic material in living organisms and are vital for livestock breeding. The increasing demand for livestock products promoted the development of precision breeding techniques. Recent advancements in gene-editing have significantly improved the effect of genetic enhancement and disease treatment, highlighting the importance of integrating this technology into livestock germ cell research. The research on CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12 has gained significant prominence compared to other gene-editing technologies. CRISPR/Cas has led to breakthroughs in various applications, and these systems are increasingly recognized as potential methods for species improvement. In this review, two types of CRISPR/Cas systems and CRISPR/Cas9 applications in livestock germ cells were analyzed. A concise overview of the developmental processes of germ cells in livestock was provided, elucidating the principles, composition, and derivative techniques associated with CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12, and the implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in livestock germ cells was discussed. Furthermore, the current review anticipate the extensive application of gene-editing techniques in this domain, aiming to offer a valuable reference for future research in the field of gene editing in livestock.

Key words: gene-editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9 system, CRISPR/Cas12 system, livestock germ cells

中图分类号:

S814

解雅茹, 金昊延, 孔辰, 蔡蓓, 张令锴. CRISPR/Cas9系统在家畜生殖细胞中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 479-491.

XIE Yaru, JIN Haoyan, KONG Chen, CAI Bei, ZHANG Lingkai. Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 System in Livestock Germ Cells[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 479-491.

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类别Category	构成Constitute	类型Type	子类型Subtype
Class Ⅰ	由多个Cas蛋白组成	Ⅰ型	Ⅰ-A、Ⅰ-B、Ⅰ-C、Ⅰ-D、Ⅰ-E等
		Ⅲ型	Ⅲ-A、Ⅲ-B、Ⅲ-C、Ⅲ-D、Ⅲ-E、Ⅲ-F
		Ⅳ型	Ⅳ-A、Ⅳ-B、Ⅳ-C
Class Ⅱ	由单个、多结构域crRNA结合蛋白组成	Ⅱ型	Ⅱ-A、Ⅱ-B、Ⅱ-C1、Ⅱ-C2
		Ⅴ型	Ⅴ-A、Ⅴ-B1、Ⅴ-B2、Ⅴ-C、Ⅴ-D等
		Ⅵ型	Ⅵ-A、Ⅵ-B1、Ⅵ-B2、Ⅵ-C、Ⅵ-D

项目Item	CRISPR/Cas9	CRISPR/Cas12a	CRISPR/Cas12b	CRISPR/Cas12f
切割条件 Cutting condition	Cas蛋白、crRNA、tracrRNA、PAM序列	Cas蛋白、crRNA、PAM序列	Cas蛋白、crRNA、tracrRNA、PAM序列	Cas蛋白、crRNA、tracrRNA、PAM序列
结构域 Structural domain	Ruv-C、HNH结构域	Ruv-C、NUC等结构域	Ruv-C结构域	Ruv-C结构域
多位点编辑效率 Multi-site editing efficiency	低	最高	较高	高
切割后末端类型 End type after cutting	平性末端	黏性末端	远端交错末端	黏性末端
编辑替换效率 Edit replacement efficiency	低	最高	较高	高
RNase Ⅲ	需要	不需要	不需要	不需要
介导靶向DNA Mediated targeting DNA	crRNA和tracrRNA共同介导的核酸酶	单一crRNA介导的核酸内切酶	crRNA和tracrRNA共同介导的核酸酶	crRNA和tracrRNA共同介导的核酸酶

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[2]	王玮玮，刘瑞琪，吴勇延，杨严格，王勇胜，卿素珠. CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统研究进展及其在动物基因编辑研究中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(7): 1299-1305.