基于玉米种植的生长育肥猪粪污农田承载力

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在以生长育肥猪和玉米种植农田为模型，准确评定生长育肥猪粪肥养分的产生量和不同施肥量下玉米的生物产量及养分需求量，以此为基础建立基于粪肥还田利用的玉米种植农田粪肥承载系数。试验选取8头13周龄胎次和体重（（33.2±3.5）kg）相近的"杜×长×大"生长育肥猪进行饲养试验，分别于16和25周龄各进行一次消化试验，测定其粪、尿产量及粪肥氮、磷产生量。玉米种植试验设6个处理组，对照组施用化肥，负对照组不施肥，4个试验组分别按玉米种植全期氮标准需要量的100%、130%、160%和磷标准需要量的100%施用猪粪有机肥，分别在乳熟后期和完熟期测定玉米种植的氮、磷需求量，与猪粪肥氮、磷产生量拟合，测算粪肥农田承载系数。结果表明，按130%氮需求量施用猪粪有机肥，一季玉米种植乳熟后期和完熟期收获，对氮、磷的需求量分别为122.1、53.0 kg·hm^-2和190.2、62.8 kg·hm^-2，按130%氮施肥量下乳熟后期和完熟期收获的玉米农田承载系数，以N为基础为61.1头·hm^-2和95.2头·hm^-2，以P为基础为90.5头·hm^-2和107.3头·hm^-2，而且施用猪粪有机肥还可增加玉米生物产量，一定程度上增加玉米中氮、磷含量。因此，分别基于玉米对氮和磷的需求，单季玉米种植每公顷土地生长育肥猪的承载参数分别为95.2头和107.3头。

关键词: 生长育肥猪, 粪污, 还田, 玉米种植, 承载参数

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to accurately evaluate the nutrient production of manure and the biological yield of corn under different fertilizer application rates based on the model of growing-finishing pigs and corn planting farmland, and to establish the manure carrying coefficient of corn planting farmland based on the use of manure. Eight 13-week-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs with similar parity and body weight ((33.2±3.5) kg) were used in the experiment. Digestion trials were conducted at 16 and 25 weeks old, respectively. The excretion of feces and urine and the production of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured. In the corn planting experiment,6 treatment groups were set up in the experimental field with normal production level. The control group was treated with chemical fertilizer, the negative control group treated with no fertilizer, the 4 experimental groups were treated with pig manure according to 100%, 130%, 160% of standard nitrogen requirement and 100% of standard phosphorus requirement of corn planting, respectively. The biomass production and nitrogen and phosphorus contents of corn plants were measured at the late milk-ripe stage and the full-ripe stage, respectively. The demand for nitrogen and phosphorus in corn planting were calculated and fitted with the production of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure of growing-finishing pigs, and the manure carrying parameter of growing-finishing pigs based on corn planting was calculated. According to the application rate of pig manure organic fertilizer in 130% nitrogen demand, if the corn was harvested at the late milk-ripe stage, the requirements of nitrogen and phosphorus for corn planting in one season were 122.1 and 53.0 kg·hm^-2, respectively. If the corn was harvested at the full-ripe stage, the requirements of nitrogen and phosphorus for corn planting in one season were 190.2 and 62.8 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The field stock capacity was calculated based on the application rate of pig manure in 130% nitrogen demand. And the manure carrying parameter of growing-finishing pigs was 61.1 and 95.2 pigs·hm^-2 based on nitrogen and 90.5 and 107.3 pigs·hm^-2 on the basis of phosphorus, which the corn were harvested at the late milk-ripe stage and full-ripe stage, respectively. The application of pig manure could also increase the biomass yield of corn, thus enhancing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the manure carrying parameters of growing-finishing pigs were 95.2 pigs·hm^-2 and 107.3 pigs·hm^-2 based on the nitrogen and phosphorus requirement of corn respectively.

Key words: growing-finishing pigs, manure, returning manure to the field, corn planting, stock capacity

中图分类号:

S851.2

杜坤, 焦洪超, 王晓鹃, 赵景鹏, 林海. 基于玉米种植的生长育肥猪粪污农田承载力[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(5): 1049-1059.

DU Kun, JIAO Hongchao, WANG Xiaojuan, ZHAO Jingpeng, LIN Hai. The Stock Capacity in the Manure of Growing-finishing Pigs Based on Corn Planting[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(5): 1049-1059.

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