中国北方荷斯坦奶牛乳产量及乳成分变化的普适模型构建

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索中国荷斯坦奶牛不同胎次的泌乳特性，构建乳产量及乳成分的变化规律模型。以中国北方天津市第一奶牛良种场（2008-2010年度1～3胎）荷斯坦奶牛的DHI成套原始数据（其中：1胎奶牛DHI数据11 901套，2胎奶牛DHI数据13 474套，3胎奶牛DHI数据13 215套）为基础，利用Wood模型构建乳产量(DMY)及乳成分率(乳脂率MFP、乳蛋白率MPP、乳糖率MLP及乳干物质率MSP)随泌乳天数(DIM)的变化规律，并分析不同胎次间DMY、MFP、MPP、MLP及MSP的差异性。结果表明，Wood模型极好地拟合了中国荷斯坦奶牛1~3胎次的泌乳曲线，构建的模型具有广泛适应性。通过模型模拟参数a、b及c揭示的泌乳特性参数，如高峰日t_m、高峰日产量y_m及泌乳持续力等，较好地反映我国泌乳奶牛在2、3胎次高峰后泌乳持续力下降过快，影响了泌乳周期的总产乳量。而乳成分的模型揭示了2胎奶牛的平均乳脂率(3.93%)最高，1胎(3.83%)次之，3胎(3.69%)最低；2胎奶牛的平均乳蛋白率(3.24%)最高，3胎(3.18%)次之，1胎(3.10%)最低；随着胎次的增加，平均乳糖率逐渐下降(1胎4.87%，2胎4.84%，3胎4.75%)；2胎奶牛的平均乳干物质率(12.54%)最高，3胎(12.52%)次之，1胎(12.50%)最低，因此，虽然3胎牛的乳产量低于2胎的，但乳中干物质含量并没有因为产量下降而提高，不同胎次间乳产量(DMY)及乳成分率(MFP、MPP、MLP及MSP)均差异显著（P<0.05）。此外，Wood模型对DMY拟合最好，MPP及MSP次之，而对MFP及MLP拟合不佳。综合乳产量及乳成分在不同胎次的变化规律，模型奶牛场2胎牛的泌乳生产，无论是产乳量，还是生乳品质均是最佳的，头胎牛次之，而3胎次牛的泌乳生产不仅在数量上下降，而且其内在品质，如MFP、MPP及MLP在305 d泌乳周期内的均值均显著下降。因此，加强3胎及3胎后奶牛的饲养管理与养分供给，维护其健康并继续发挥其泌乳潜力是我国奶牛场应当重视的问题。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to reveal the lactation characteristics of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in different parities and to construct models for changes of daily milk yield(DMY) and milk composition percentages(milk fat percentage，MFP；milk protein percentage，MPP；milk lactose percentage，MLP；milk solid percentage，MSP) with the days in milk (DIM).The DHI original datasets (of which：the DHI datasets of first parity was 11 901，the second was 13 474 datasets，the third parities was 13 215 datasets)in the First Lactating Holstein Dairy Farm in Tianjin of the northern China(2008-2010 years 1-3 parities)were collected and Wood model was applied，as well as the differences of indexes mentioned above among parities were analyzed.The results showed that Wood model was extremely fitted with lactation curve for Chinese Holstein cows in parity 1 to 3，and the corresponding models were built.Lactation characteristic parameters such as time to peak yield (t_m，d)，peak yield (y_m,kg•d^-1)，relative rate of decline at the point halfway between peak yield and end of lactation(r(t_h)) induced by parameter a，b and c indicated that r(t_h) declines rapidly for cows in the parity 2 and 3，which resulted in their total milk yield reducing.Models for milk fat displayed that average MFP in the second parity of dairy cows(3.93%) was higher than the first parity (3.83%) and the third parity was lowest (3.69%)，and average MPP in the second parity of dairy cows(3.24%) was higher than the third parity (3.18%) and the first parity were lowest (3.10%)，and average MLP declined with the increase of parities (4.87%，4.84%，4.75% for parity 1，2 and 3，respectively).Average MSP in the second parity of dairy cows(12.54%) was higher than the third parity (12.52%) and the first parity were lowest (12.50%)，and the above results indicated that though milk yield in the third parity was lower than the second parity，MSP was not improved as the milk yield decline.Significant differences were observed for DMY，MFP，MPP，MLP and MSP among the 3 parities(P<0.05).In addition，Wood model performed a best fit of DMY，MPP and MSP followed，while the MFP and MLP fitted poorly.In conclusion，Chinese Holstein cows in the second parity have the best milk performance，followed by the primiparous cow，and both milk yield and milk quality like MFP and MPP declined significantly for cows in parity 3.Therefore，it’s urgent for the dairy production to strengthen the management of cows in third parity or higher and to maintain the health and lactation potential of cows.

中图分类号:

S823
S813.3

熊本海，杨亮，杨琴，潘晓花，韩英东，庞之洪. 中国北方荷斯坦奶牛乳产量及乳成分变化的普适模型构建[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014, 45(12): 1939-1948.

XIONG Ben-hai，YANG Liang，YANG Qin，PAN Xiao-hua，HAN Ying-dong，PANG Zhi-hong. Study on General Lactation Curve Models and Milk Composition Change Models of Chinese Holstein Cows in the North of China[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2014, 45(12): 1939-1948.

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链接本文: https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.12.005

https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/Y2014/V45/I12/1939

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