Abstract: The ten STR loci as a system of genetic markers were used to analyze genetic diversity and parentage relationship in Northeast fine-wool sheep group. On average, the number of alleles per locus is 8.2, heterozygosity is 0.794, polymorphism information content (PIC) is 0.768. Northeast fine-wool sheep has abundant genetic diversity. To exclusion probability and Paternity identify, in mother-son-father set, ten markers will exclude the alleged parent with a probability of >0.999 9, and RCP is 99.999%; In the sets without mother sample, these markers will exclude the alleged parent with a probability of >0.996 2, and RCP is 99.993%. On the basis of STR loci selected in this study, it can set up a method for estimating genetic diversity and identifying parentage relationships of Northeast fine-wool sheep, and give a scientific direction to protect the resource of Northeast fine-wool sheep and select economical traits. In addition, it can also provide a method for troubleshooting Northeast fine-wool adscription.