Abstract: Histomonas meleagridis were identified by PCR form Hunan Province, and their phylogenetic relationship was analysed by using 18S rRNA sequences The 18S rRNA sequences were amplified from each H. meleagridis sample and the amplicons were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector, respectively. The inserts were successfully sequenced, and the length of 18S rRNA of the 10 H meleagridis isolates were 532 bp. Sequence comparison revealed that the similarity in18S rRNA sequences between Hunan isolates and the H meleagridis available in GenBankTM were more than 97.5%, respectively The 10 isolated strains grouped together with the reported H. meleagridisThe existence of H. meleagridis in Hunan Province was confirmed at the level of molecular biology. The results indicated that PCR was suitable for the diagnosis and population genetics of H. meleagridis.