Abstract: Among the genes that are involved with the development of growth and development of fat tissues, PPAR subfamily members are one cluster of the most important genes. The object of this study were to identify polymorphism of PPARα gene in a AA broiler line, develop PCR-SSCP methods to detect those DNA polymorphism and evaluate the relationship between those polymorphism PPARα genes and body fat traits. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were found in exon regions of the PPARα. The differential genotype detected by PCR-SSCP were defined as EE, EF and FF. The statistics analysis results showed that the PPARα polymorphism was significant related to the abdominal fat（AF）weight and abdominal fat percentage（AFP）(P＜0.05), and the chicken with the genotype of FF has a higher AF and AFP than that of EE; while there was no significant difference between the genotype of FF and EF. The chicken with the genotype of EF has a higher AF and AFP than that of EE, but did not attain the significant difference level （P＞0.05）. The result indicated that the PPARα play an important role in chicken fat tissue metabolism. The significantly correlation between PPARα and development of fat tissue suggested that this gene is a good marker for using in marker associated selection program.