Abstract: The study was designed to carry out DNA polymorphism analysis of a total of 70 Alpine utra-fine wool sheep (Chinese Merino) using 3 pairs of microsatellite primers. The results showed that 3 microsatellite Loci of the Alpine ultrafine wool sheep had high diversity, with the average polymorphism information content of 0.739 1 and the number of effective alleles of 4.441 9. The result of the correlation analysis between genetic diversity of microsatellite DNA and economic traits showed that both 160bp alleles of MCM 218 and 288bp alleles of BMC 1009 were highly correlated with wool fitness (P<0.01), with a correlation coefficient of -0.956 1 and -0.849 1 respectively; 145bp alleles of BMS1248 were also highly correlated with yearling weight(P<0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.952 3. This indicates that there is a linkage between the genetic diversity of microsatellite DNA and economic traits of Alpine ultra-fine wool sheep. Therefore, this is a fundamental study for further looking for markers of both linkage and cloning, and for early selection of the important economic traits of Alpine ultrafine wool Chinese merino.