Abstract: In this study, FosB was chosen as a candidate gene affecting sow maternal behaviours for its important role on process of animal maternal behaviours. Genetic variations of FosB and their association with sow maternal behaviours were analyzed in a White Duroc×Erhualian resource population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened in two FosB amplicons of 488 and 806 bp by directly sequencing the PCR products. Three SNPs including FosB-EU163403-g.187A>T, FosB-EU163403-g.188A>C and FosB-EU163403-g.297C>G were identified. The association of the g.297C>G polymorphism with sow maternal behaviours was evaluated in the White Duroc×Erhualian intercross using PCR-Mbi I-RFLP. Transmittion disequilibrium test (TDT) results showed that there was no significant association between this polymorphism and sow maternal infanticide, nest building, nurturing, piglets squashing and trampling (P>0.364). The result was confirmed by Family-Based Association Tests (FBAT, P>0.236). Considering that maternal behaviours are complex traits and controlled by polygene, further analysis in a larger population and (or) in other candidate genes are worthwhile.