基于生物电阻抗分析的家畜体成分检测研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在畜禽的养殖与育种过程中，需要对不同生长期的畜禽个体进行体成分检测，分析其生长状况，但在养殖过程中缺乏对畜禽体成分进行精准测量的方法。生物电阻抗分析生物组织的成分具有价格低廉、操作简单、无创无害等优点，在对畜禽进行体成分测量和肉质检测等方面有着良好的应用前景。本文对生物电阻抗的研究进展进行了总结与分析，重点讨论了测量电极以及电极分布方式、生物电阻抗测量系统的技术进展以及在测量畜禽体成分时的准确度等。总结了目前生物电阻抗技术的不足，展望了未来测量电极和生物电阻抗测量系统的研究方向，提出了生物电阻抗技术在智慧畜牧业的应用前景。

关键词: 生物电阻抗技术, 体成分测量, 测量电极, 快速电阻抗测量, 高精度阻抗测量

Abstract:

In the process of livestock and poultry farming and breeding, it is necessary to detect the body composition of individual livestock and poultry in different growth periods to analyze their growth conditions, but there is a lack of methods to measure the body composition of livestock and poultry accurately in the process of farming. Bioelectrical impedance analysis of the composition of biological tissues has the advantages of low price, simple operation, non-invasive and harmless, and has a good application prospect in the measurement of body composition and meat quality testing of livestock and poultry. This paper summarizes and analyses the research progress of bioelectrical impedance, focusing on the measurement electrodes and their distribution, the technological progress of bioelectrical impedance measurement system, and the accuracy of measurement of body composition in livestock and poultry. It summarizes the shortcomings of the current bioelectrical impedance technology, looks forward to the future research direction of the measuring electrodes and bioelectrical impedance measurement system, and puts forward the prospect of the application of bioelectrical impedance technology in the intelligent animal husbandry industry.

Key words: bioelectrical impedance technology, body composition measurement, measurement electrodes, fast electrical impedance measurement, high accuracy impedance measurement

中图分类号:

TS251

张燕军, 张建民, 杨坚, 周树泽, 吴伟伟, 俞亮, 龚道清, 缪宏. 基于生物电阻抗分析的家畜体成分检测研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(7): 3057-3070.

ZHANG Yanjun, ZHANG Jianmin, YANG Jian, ZHOU Shuze, WU Weiwei, YU Liang, GONG Daoqing, MIAO Hong. Progress in the Detection of Body Composition in Livestock Based on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3057-3070.

图/表 8

图 1

图 2

图 3

表 1

生物电阻抗技术预测畜禽体成分准确度"

检测对象 Target of detection	体成分类型 Body composition type	样本量 Sample size	预测模型 Predictive model	R²	参考文献 Reference
特瑟尔×法兰西岛杂交公羊羔 Texel×Ile de France crossbred ram lambs	冷胴体重量软组织重量	31	-4.46+0.17V+0.48PA+0.30RsD； -1.86+0.15V+0.13RsD+1.12XcD	0.970 0.970	[49]
巴巴多斯黑腹羔羊 Barbados Black Belly lambs	粗脂肪粗蛋白	34	-1.53+2.65+L²/Rs-0.65Xc； 101-107Rs-40.9C-8.5Xc+90.2Z+ 153L-197L²/Rs-0.003W	0.640 0.720	[50]
特瑟尔×法兰西岛杂交公羊羔 Texel×Ile de France crossbred ram lambs	软组织脂肪	32	-0.385 0+12.940RsD+0.538 5V-0.022 9Xc； -1.282 0+3.413 0RsD+0.119 3V	0.968 0.867	[51]
德国黑头羊羔 German Black-headed Mutton lambs	无脂肪软组织	24	88.340-0.278R₀+0.558L	0.640	[52]
健康母马 Healthy mares	体内总水量	9	/	0.820	[53]
标准赛马 Standardbred racehorses	体内总水量细胞外液容量血浆容量	20	/	0.916 0.876 0.676	[54]
健康成年马 Health adult horses	体内总水量血浆容量细胞外液体积	5	7.64-12.798性别-0.42年龄-1.977电抗+ 1.08阻抗+0.70电容；4.728-0.846性别-0.054年龄- 0.0899电阻-0.2145电抗+0.132阻抗；90.91-5.68性别-0.763年龄+ 0.535电阻-3.998电抗-0.237电容	0.960 0.810 0.830	[55]
肉牛 Beef cows	骨骼肌总量骨骼肌总脂肪	33	/	0.947 0.912	[56]
水牛 Buffaloes	去脂质量	20	-30.59+0.993LW+0.150Xc_{500 kHz}- 0.123Xc_{1 000 kHz}+9.11	0.967	[57]
水牛雄犊 Buffalo male calves	热胴体重量	20	98.47-8.84Rs_{100 kHz}+4.41Rs_{1 000 kHz}- 116.27Xc_{5 kHz}+51.04Xc_{50 kHz}+20.30Xc_{100 kHz}- 33.92Xc_{500 kHz}+9.01Xc_{1 000 kHz}±ε	0.907	[58]
伊比利亚猪 Iberian pigs	瘦肉脂肪骨质皮肤	12	/	0.850 0.960 0.590 0.680	[59]
猪 Pigs	去脂质量	191	0.522A-Wt-0.711Rs+0.388L+ 0.695Xc+3.397	0.845	[60]
文昌土鸡 Wenchang free-range chickens	脂肪含量	30	-9.176 41+0.053 7x+(-6.001 99E-5)x²	0.880	[61]
肉种鸡母鸡 Broiler breeder hens	腹部脂肪含量	70	/	0.908	[62]
不同品系的肉鸡 Different broiler strains	水分蛋白质脂肪能量含量	528	/	0.909 0.825 0.795 0.838	[63]

表 1

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图 6

图 7

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