基于线粒体基因的新疆托氏兔遗传多样性和种群遗传结构评价

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在利用线粒体基因测序方法评价新疆托氏兔的遗传多样性水平，并探究亚种间的遗传结构。本研究通过PCR扩增及测序技术，获得来自新疆北部、西北部以及中东部地区的共计78例新疆托氏兔线粒体DNA的CO1和D-LOOP基因序列，并采用生物信息学的方法进行数据分析。结果表明，78个新疆托氏兔样本的合并序列共定义了68种单倍型，新疆托氏兔的单倍型多样性（h=0.996±0.002）和核苷酸多样性（π=0.049±0.023）均较高；系统发育关系和单倍型中介网络图显示，本研究中的托氏兔样本被分成3个大枝（Clade A-C），其中Clade A和C包含绝大多数来自新疆北部和西北部组群的野兔，即托氏兔西域亚种，Clade B中的野兔绝大多数来自新疆中、东部地区，即托氏兔中亚亚种，除小部分样本较为混杂，其余样本的聚类情况与其分布范围和地理距离相吻合；AMOVA分析、Fst以及基因流结果显示，新疆托氏兔亚种间遗传分化较大、基因流较小，亚种内遗传分化相对较小、基因流相对较大。中性检验结果显示，新疆托氏兔群体Tajima`D值为1.075（P>0.05），Fu`s Fs为-15.100（P<0.01），核苷酸错配分布呈现多峰，EBSPs分析显示新疆托氏兔在距今大约0.01 Ma时发生过种群扩张。基于线粒体2个基因的综合分析结果表明，新疆托氏兔具有丰富的遗传多样性和较明显的系统地理分布格局；西域亚种的北部和西北部组群间存在较强的基因流和较小的遗传分化，但中亚亚种的中部和东部组群间出现了较大的分化，可能是由于较远的地理距离所致；此外，新疆托氏兔近期经历过种群扩张。

关键词: 新疆托氏兔, CO1, D-LOOP, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of genetic diversity and explore the genetic structure between subspecies of Lepus tolai in Xinjiang by molecular genetics methods. In this study, the CO1 and D-LOOP gene sequences of mitochondrial DNA were obtained from 78 Tolai hares from the northern, northwestern, central and eastern regions of Xinjiang by PCR amplification and sequencing, and then the data were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The results showed that 68 haplotypes were defined from the combined sequence of 78 samples of Xinjiang Tolai hare, and relatively high haplotype diversity (h=0.996±0.002) and nucleotide diversity (π=0.049±0.023) were detected. The phylogenetic relationship and median-joining network showed that the Tolai hare samples used in this study were divided into three branches (Clade A-C), in which Clade A and C contained the majority of hares from the northern and northwest groups of Xinjiang, belong to the Lepus tolai lehmanni, while the majority of hares in Clade B were from the central and eastern regions of Xinjiang, belong to the Lepus tolai centrasiaticus. Except for few mixed samples of Tolai hare, the clustering of the rest majority was consistent with their distribution range and geographical distance. The results of AMOVA analysis, Fst and gene flow showed that the genetic differentiation between subspecies of Tolai hare was larger and the gene flow was smaller, while the genetic differentiation within subspecies was relatively small and the gene flow was relatively large. The results of neutral test showed that the Tajima’D value of Xinjiang Tolai hare population was 1.075 (P>0.05), and Fu`s Fs was -15.100 (P<0.01). The mismatch distribution of nucleotide indicated a multi-peak phenomenon, and EBSPs analysis showed that the population expansion occurred at about 0.01 Ma. The results of comprehensive analysis based on CO1 and D-LOOP gene showed that Xinjiang Tolai hare was rich in genetic diversity and had an obvious systematic geographical distribution pattern. There was a strong gene flow and a small genetic differentiation between northern and northwest groups of L. t. lehmanni. However, there was a distinct differentiation between the central and eastern groups of L. t. centrasiaticus, which was probably due to the greater geographical distance. In addition, Tolai hare has recently experienced a population expansion.

Key words: Xinjiang Lepus tolai, CO1, D-LOOP, genetic diversity, genetic structure

中图分类号:

S829.1

米热姑丽·麦麦提, 周世玉, 刘鹏, 孟阳, 聂文悦, 滕培晨, 单文娟. 基于线粒体基因的新疆托氏兔遗传多样性和种群遗传结构评价[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(1): 112-121.

MAMAT Miregul, ZHOU Shiyu, LIU Peng, MENG Yang, NIE Wenyue, TENG Peichen, SHAN Wenjuan. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Tolai Hare in Xinjiang Based on Mitochondrial DNA[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(1): 112-121.

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