穿心莲内酯干混悬剂对人工感染大肠杆菌致肉鸡腹泻的药效评价

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.011.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在评价穿心莲内酯干混悬剂对大肠杆菌感染致肉鸡腹泻的治疗效果，为其临床应用提供试验依据。选取12日龄健康试验鸡300只，随机分为5个组，每组4个重复，每个重复15只。包括空白对照组、大肠杆菌ETECO101攻毒组、大肠杆菌攻毒加100和200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂及60 mg·L^-1粘菌素组。肉鸡15日龄通过腹腔注射0.2 mL含5×10⁸ cfu·mL^-1 ETECO101的生理盐水感染细菌，空白对照组腹腔注射0.2 mL生理盐水。细菌感染前3 d开始通过饮水给药，早、晚各给药1次，每次每个重复700 mL，连续给药至攻菌后第3天停止给药。每组随机选取1个重复，于攻菌后24 h和第5天分别选取6只鸡采血、剖检和取组织样，用于肝组织病理学观察、小肠微结构分析、免疫器官指数测定和血液生化指标分析。每组剩余3个重复（45只）试验至攻菌后第7天，计算存活率、粪便评分、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI），以评价药物的药效。结果显示，相对于ETECO101组，药物含量为100和200 mg·L^-1的穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组肉鸡存活率分别提高13.3和17.8个百分点（P<0.05），减轻大肠杆菌感染导致的腹泻，显著提高肉鸡ADG （P<0.01）和ADFI（P<0.01）；200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组显著地增加了攻菌后24 h肉鸡脾脏和法氏囊指数（P<0.01），降低了攻菌后第5天肉鸡血清中球蛋白（GLB）和白蛋白（ALB）含量（P<0.05），有效地抑制肉鸡血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量的增加，提高肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力（P<0.01）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力（P<0.01）。同时，200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组可显著改善肉鸡空肠绒毛高度（P<0.05），以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值。综上所述，饮水中添加穿心莲内酯干混悬剂可减少大肠杆菌感染导致的鸡死亡，改善肉鸡生长性能、血清氧化应激状态和空肠肠道形态，提高法氏囊指数，对大肠杆菌感染而导致的肉鸡腹泻具有显著疗效。

关键词: 穿心莲内酯干混悬剂, 肉鸡, 大肠杆菌, 腹泻, 药效评价

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate therapeutic effects of dry suspension of andrographolide against diarrhea in broiler challenged with pathogenic Escherichia coli, and thus to provide experimental evidence supporting its clinical application. Three hundred healthy broilers at 12 days old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 15 broilers per replicate. Including negative control (no challenge), positive control (E. coli ETECO101 challenge only) and 3 treatment groups (ETECO101 challenge plus 100 or 200 mg·L^-1 of dry suspension of andrographolide, or ETECO101 challenge plus 60 mg·L^-1 of colistin). Starting from day 12 of age, broilers in the 3 treatment groups received colistin or dry suspension of andrographolide for 6 days in drinking water consecutively. Amount of 700 mL drinking water containing colistin or andrographolide were supplied twice a day for each replication. On day 15 of age, broilers in the 3 treatment groups and the positive control group were challenged with 0.2 mL saline containing 5×10⁸ cfu·mL^-1 pathogenic E. coli ETECO101 via intraperitoneal injection, while the negative control was intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL of normal saline. Among 4 replicates, one of the replicates in each group (15 broilers) was used for blood and organs sampling at 24 h and on day 5 post challenge (6 broilers for each time point). Liver histopathology, small intestine microstructure, immune organ index, and serum biochemical parameters were determined. The other 3 replicates in each group (45 broilers) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the drugs, including survival rate, fecal score, average daily gain(ADG), and average daily feed intake(ADFI) until day 7 post challenge. The results showed that, compared with the positive control, treating with 100 or 200 mg·L^-1 of dry suspension of andrographolide resulted in an increase in broiler survival rate by 13.3 and 17.8 percentage point, respectively (P<0.05), alleviated diarrhea caused by E. coli ETECO101 challenge, and significantly improved broiler ADG (P<0.01) and ADFI (P<0.01). In comparison with the positive control, treating with 200 mg·L^-1 of dry suspension of andrographolide significantly increased the spleen and bursa indexes (P<0.01) of broilers at 24 h post challenge, decreased levels of serum GLB and ALB on day 5 post challenge (P<0.05), effectively suppressed the increase of MDA content in serum caused by E. coli challenge, and enhanced activities of serum SOD (P<0.01) and GSH-Px (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the height of jejunum villi (P<0.05) and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth in the group of 200 mg·L^-1 of dry suspension of andrographolide were significantly higher than those in the positive control. In summary, supplementation of dry suspension of andrographolide in drinking water could reduce broiler death rate caused by E. coli ETECO101 infection, improve broiler growth performance, alleviate serum oxidative stress, improve intestinal morphology, increase bursa index, and thereby show remarkable therapeutic effects against broiler diarrhea caused by E. coli ETECO101 infection.

Key words: dry suspension of andrographolide, broiler, Escherichia coli, diarrhea, therapeutic effect evaluation

中图分类号:

李江北, 杨霞, 傅嘉莉, 李美娣, 邱电, 陈建新, 武力. 穿心莲内酯干混悬剂对人工感染大肠杆菌致肉鸡腹泻的药效评价[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(11): 3246-3259.

LI Jiangbei, YANG Xia, FU Jiali, LI Meidi, QIU Dian, CHEN Jianxin, WU Li. Efficacy Evaluation of Dry Suspension of Andrographolide against Diarrhea in Broiler Induced by Escherichia coli Challenge[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(11): 3246-3259.

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