蒸汽爆破、复合菌剂及其联合处理对不同收获期柠条纤维降解的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.09.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究蒸汽爆破、复合菌发酵及其联合处理对柠条纤维组分降解的影响。在开花期（4月）、结实期（7月）及落叶期（11月）采集全株柠条，测定其常规营养成分；按照试验内容分为3个部分：1）研究3个不同压强（0.8、1.1和1.4 MPa）下蒸汽爆破处理对柠条粉纤维组分的降解作用；2）研究复合菌剂发酵对柠条纤维组分降解的影响；3）研究蒸汽爆破+复合菌剂发酵对柠条纤维组分降解的影响。每项试验内容中柠条的3个生育期均作为固定因素，所有处理仅与同期未处理柠条做比较，每个处理3个重复。测定每个处理柠条的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、半纤维素和纤维素含量及发酵底物中羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性。结果表明：1）从主要营养成分含量方面综合判断，结实期柠条饲用价值较高。2）与未爆破组相比，随着蒸汽爆破压强的增大，开花期与结实期柠条中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素（仅开花期）及纤维素含量先升高后降低（P<0.05），半纤维素线性降低（P<0.01），中性洗涤可溶物先降低后升高（P<0.05）。3）与同期发酵前相比，复合菌发酵后柠条中性洗涤纤维（P<0.01）、酸性洗涤纤维（P<0.01）及纤维素（P<0.01）含量显著下降，其中开花期与落叶期半纤维素显著降低（P<0.05），中性洗涤可溶物含量显著增加（P<0.01）。4）与同期未爆破发酵组相比，经蒸汽爆破预处理后进行复合菌剂发酵的开花期和落叶期柠条，随着爆破压强的增大，其中开花期与结实期纤维素（P<0.01）含量显著降低，中性洗涤纤维（P<0.001）、酸性洗涤纤维（P<0.05）、半纤维素（P<0.001）含量显著下降，中性洗涤可溶物含量显著升高（P<0.001），开花期及结实期柠条木质素含量先降低后升高（P<0.05），落叶期柠条木质素含量显著下降（P<0.01）。5）与同期未爆破发酵组相比，蒸汽爆破预处理后发酵的开花期和落叶期柠条，随着蒸汽压强增大，羧甲基纤维素酶活性先降低后升高（P<0.001），而结实期羧甲基纤维素酶活性显著升高（P<0.001）；开花期、结实期及落叶期柠条发酵基质中木聚糖酶活性随着蒸汽压强增大呈线性升高趋势（P<0.001）。结果表明，通过蒸汽爆破、复合菌剂及其联合处理能够显著降低不同收获期柠条的纤维组分含量，其中蒸汽爆破和复合菌剂联合处理的效果最佳。本研究为有效评估不同处理对柠条的营养价值及其在畜牧养殖过程中的应用提供科学依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 柠条, 蒸汽爆破, 复合菌发酵, 纤维降解

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of steam explosion pretreatments, compound bacteria fermentation and their combined treatment on the degradation of fiber in Caragana. In flowering stage (April), fructicative stage (July) and dormancy stage (November), the whole plant of Caragana was collected and its general nutrients were determined. According to the research content, the experiment was divided into 3 parts: 1)Degradation of fiber components in Caragana powder was studied under 3 different steam explosion pressures (0.8、1.1 and 1.4 MPa). 2)The effect of compound bacteria fermentation on the degradation of Caragana powder fiber component was determined. 3) The effect of steam explosion + compound bacteria fermentation on the degradation of Caragana powder fiber component was studied. The 3 growth periods of Caragana powder in each experiment were regarded as fixed factors. All treatments were compared with untreated Caragana powder in the same period, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were detected in each treatment. The results showed that: 1) According to the nutrient component, Caragana had the highest feeding value at the fructicative stage. 2) Compared with the control group, the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin (only in flowering stage) and cellulose increased first and then decreased (P<0.05), Hemicellulose decreased linearly (P<0.01), and the content of neutral detergent solute decreased first and then increased (P<0.05) as steam explosion pressureincreasedat flowering and fructicative stage. 3) Compared with the same period before fermentation, the content of neutral detergent fiber (P<0.01), acid detergent fiber (P<0.01) and cellulose (P<0.01) decreased significantly and neutral detergent solute (P<0.01) increased significantly after fermentation. The hemicellulose decreased significantly at flowering and dormancy stage (P<0.01). 4) After steam explosion pretreatment and fermentation, the content of neutral detergent fiber (P<0.001), acid detergent fiber (P<0.05) and hemicellulose (P<0.001) decreased significantly, the content of cellulose decreased significantly at flowering and fructicative stage (P<0.01), and the content of neutral detergent solute (P<0.001) increased significantly with the increase of steam explosion pressure at the flowering stage and dormancy stage, and the content of lignin (P<0.05) decreased first and then increased at flowering and fructicative stage, and decreased significantly at dormancy stage (P<0.01) with the increase of steam explosion pressure, compared with the same period without steam explosion pretreatment. 5) After steam explosion pretreatment and fermentation, carboxymethyl cellulase activity (P<0.001) first decreased and then increased at the flowering anddormancy stage, while carboxymethyl cellulase activity (P<0.001) significantly increased in the fructicative stage with the increase of steam explosion pressure; the xylanase activity (P<0.001) increased linearly with the increase of steam explosion pressure in the three periods. The results indicated that the fiber content of Caragana at different harvest time could be significantly reduced by steam explosion, compound bacteria and their combined treatment, among which the effect of combined treatment was the best. This study provides scientific basis and data support for the effective evaluation of the nutritional value of Caragana and its application in animal husbandry.

Key words: Caragana, steam explosion, fermentation of complex bacteria, fiber degradation

中图分类号:

S816.501.5

黄晓瑜, 张小强, 张宇, 邢晓南, 赵雷云, 李博, 杨晨, 张恩平. 蒸汽爆破、复合菌剂及其联合处理对不同收获期柠条纤维降解的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(9): 2197-2206.

HUANG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Xiaoqiang, ZHANG Yu, XING Xiaonan, ZHAO Leiyun, LI Bo, YANG Chen, ZHANG Enping. Steam Explosion, Bacterial Complex and Their Combination Effect on Fiber Degradation of Caragana Harvested from Different Seasons[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(9): 2197-2206.

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