Abstract: To study the effect of oncogene cfos on velvet antler growth, antler tips were collected from 3 adult Tarim wapitis with 30 and 60dayold growing antlers, respectively, and the samples were dissected into four zones, including epidermis/dermis, mesenchyme, precartilage and cartilage cell layers. Locations of cfos expressions in the four zones of antler were determined by two immunohistochemical methods while quantitative analysis of cfos expression was conducted with fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that the expression of cfos was discovered in inner root sheath of hair follicle, hair matrix of dermal layer, and ring smooth muscle of artery while its weak expression was found in the basal cells between the papillary layer of dermis and basal layers. There was no detectable expression in veins, nerve and other subsidiary organs, and the cells expressing cfos were not detectable in mesenchyme, precartilage and cartilage cell layers by two methods. Analysis of quantitative PCR revealed that cfos expressed in all layers at different growth stages. Higher expression level of cfos was observed in dermal layer than that in mesenchymal cells layer, precartilage cells layer and cartilage（P<0.05）. And low expression of cfos was found in mesenchymal cells layer, precartilage cells layer and cartilage. Little variation was found between the expressions of cfos in mesenchymal and precartilage cells layer in the 30and 60dayold antlers while cfos expression in epidermis and cartilage layers decreased with the increase of age. The results suggest that oncogene cfos participated in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in dermal layer during the rapid growth of the antlers, and cfos may promote the differentiatiing of osteoblast into bone cells in cartilage cells layer.