Abstract: To explore the mechanism of Cadmium Chloride on chondriosome damage of chicken neurons, neurons cultured in vitro were chose as the research object. Neurons were cultivated in the DMEM for 24 h with the final concentration of CdCl2 was 0,5,10,15 μmol/L,respectively. The inhibition ratio of neurons was evaluated with MTT colorimetric assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was assessed by flow cytometry, and the calcium ion concentration within neurons(\[Ca²⁺\]i) was detected using the Fura-2/AM as the probe. The results showed that the cells inhibition ratio was increased, \[Ca²⁺\]i was increased, ΔΨm tended to degrade and the chondriosome cristae appeared ambiguity,fragmentation,disappearance, mitochondrial matrix was intumesced and vacuolized. The results indicated that CdCl₂ could cause the impairment of the mitochondrial membrane of neurons by increasing the \[Ca²⁺\]i , inducing the PT pore to open, degrading ΔΨm.