Abstract: The genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 14 indigenous geese breeds in Eastern China were surveyed using 25 microsatellite markers. Using polymorphism information content (PIC), mean heterozygosity (H), number of effective alleles, DA genetic distances, gene flow (Nm) and Fstatistics, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. The results showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 16. All populations showed high levels of heterozygosity, the lowest was Yane geese (0.566 2) and the highest was Baizi geese (0.774 8). Considerable genetic differentiation was observed and 27.5% of the total genetic variation was from the breeds differences. Neighbour-joining dendrogrm was constructed based on the DA genetic distance, and four main clusters were found. Analyzing the correlation between genetic differentiations and geographical distances, we presumed that genetic differentiations among the 14 indigenous geese breeds may not be related to geographical distances.