日粮中添加丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。选用180头初始体重为（8.07±0.84）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪，公母各半，按照随机区组分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头猪。试验分为阴性对照组，饲喂不含抗生素的基础日粮；抗生素组，基础日粮中添加75 mg·kg^-1金霉素；丁酸梭菌处理组，日粮中有效活菌数分别达到1.0×10⁸、1.0×10⁹、5.0×10⁹CFU·kg^-1。试验期为28 d。于试验第0、14、28天对仔猪进行称重。从试验期开始，观察并记录仔猪每日腹泻状况。试验第28天，各处理每重复选取1头健康仔猪进行采血，分别依据商品试剂盒的说明测定血清中免疫指标和抗氧化指标。结果表明：1）1~14 d、15~28 d以及1~28 d日粮中添加不同浓度的丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和耗料增重比均无显著影响（P>0.05）；2）1~14 d和1~28 d不同添加剂量丁酸梭菌处理组的腹泻率随添加剂量的上升呈线性显著增加（P<0.05），15~28 d和1~28 d各处理之间断奶仔猪粪便评分差异显著（P<0.05）；3）日粮中添加5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1的丁酸梭菌可以显著提高断奶仔猪血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量和总抗氧化能力（P<0.05）。与基础日粮组相比，日粮中添加1×10⁹CFU·kg^-1和5.0×10⁹CFU·kg^-1的丁酸梭菌均显著提高断奶仔猪血清中总超氧化物歧化酶的含量，并且断奶仔猪血清中的总超氧化物歧化酶水平随丁酸梭菌添加量的增加呈线性显著提高（P<0.05）。相比于基础日粮组，丁酸梭菌处理组间断奶仔猪血清中丙二醛含量无显著差异（P>0.05）；4）各处理组随着丁酸梭菌添加量的增加仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G含量有上升的趋势（P<0.10）。与基础日粮组相比，日粮中添加5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1的丁酸梭菌可以显著降低仔猪血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（P<0.05）和白细胞介素-6（P<0.01）的含量，显著提高血清中白细胞介素-4含量（P<0.01），并且断奶仔猪血清中的白细胞介素-4含量随丁酸梭菌添加量的增加呈线性显著提高（P<0.05）。各处理组仔猪血清中白细胞介素-1β含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明，日粮中添加1×10⁹~5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1丁酸梭菌可以提高断奶仔猪抗氧化能力和免疫功能，有助于提高仔猪断奶阶段的健康水平和抗应激能力。

关键词: 断奶仔猪, 丁酸梭菌, 抗氧化性能, 免疫功能

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 180 healthy crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc×(Yorkshire×Landrace), (28±1) days old, (8.07±0.84) kg initial body weight, half male and half female) were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups, 6 replicates in each group, and 6 weaned piglets in each replicate. Dietary treatments contained:the antibiotic-free basal diet as the negative control group; the basal diet supplemented with 75 mg·kg^-1 aureomycin as positive control group; the concentration of efficacious viable germ in diets were 1.0×10⁸, 1.0×10⁹ and 5.0×10⁹CFU·kg^-1, respectively as Clostridium butyricum treatment groups. The trial lasted for 28 d. Body weight of weaned piglets were measured on 0, 14 and 28 d. During the trial, the diarrhea condition of weaned piglets were observed and recorded. One healthy piglet from each replicate was selected for collecting blood sample at the end of the trial. The levels of immune and antioxidant indexes were determined by commercial kits. The result showed that:1) The average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of weaned piglets had no significant differences in all treatment groups during1-14 d, 15-28 d and 1-28 d(P>0.05). 2) With the level of Clostridium butyricum supplementation ascending, the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets significantly linearly increased (P<0.05) during 1-14 d and 1-28 d. The feces score had significant differences among different treatment groups(P<0.05) during 15-28 d and 1-28 d. 3) Compared with negative control group, basal diet supplemented with 5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1 Clostridium butyricum significantly increased the concentration of GSH-Px and T-AOC(P<0.05), basal diet supplemented with 1×10⁹ and 5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1Clostridium butyricum significantly increased the concentration of T-SOD, which linearly significantly increased with the augment of Clostridium butyricum levels(P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in MDA content among treatment groups(P>0.05). 4) The level of IgG showed a increase tendency with the level of Clostridium butyricum supplementation ascending (P<0.10). Compared with negative control group, basal diet supplemented with 5.0×10⁹CFU·kg^-1Clostridium butyricum significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α (P<0.05) and IL-6 (P<0.01) in serum of weaned piglets, while the level of IL-4 in serum significantly increased (P<0.01). Moreover, the level of IL-4 linearly significantly increased with the augment of Clostridium butyricum levels(P<0.05). There was no significant differences in IL-1β level among treatment groups(P>0.05). The results show that supplementation of 1×10⁹ -5.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1 Clostridium butyricum enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function of weaned piglets, which is helpful to the health level and anti-stress ability of weaned piglets.

Key words: weaned piglets, Clostridium butyricum, antioxidant ability, immune function

中图分类号:

S828.5

耿正颖, 史林鑫, 刘萍, 陆文清. 日粮中添加丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(8): 1651-1660.

GENG Zheng-ying, SHI Lin-xin, LIU Ping, LU Wen-qing. Effects of Dietary Supplemented with Clostridium Butyricum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(8): 1651-1660.

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