[1]D’MELLO J F. Amino acids in animal nutrition [M]. CABI, 2003: 156-168.
[2]GRONEBERG D A, DÖRING F, EYNOTT P R, et al. Intestinal peptide transport: ex vivo uptake studies and localization of peptide carrier PEPT1 [J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2001, 281(3): G697-G704.
[3]BRÖER S, WAGNER C A. Structure-function relationships of heterodimeric amino acid transporters [J]. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2002, 36(2-3): 155-168.
[4]MCALLAN A B, SMITH R H. Carbohydrate metabolism in the ruminant:Becterial corbohydrates formed in the rumen and their contribution to diaesta entering the duodenum[J]. Br J Nutr, 1974, 31(1): 77-88.
[5]JANES A N, WEEKES T E, ARMSTRONG D G. Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets [J]. Br J Nutr, 1985, 54(2): 449-458.
[6]BAUER M L, HARMON D L, BOHNERT D W, et al. Influence of alpha-linked glucose on sodium-glucose cotransport activity along the small intestine in cattle [J]. J Anim Sci, 2001, 79(7): 1917-1924.
[7]WOOD I S, TRAYHURN P. Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT): expanded families of sugar transport proteins [J]. Br J Nutr, 2003, 89(1): 3-9.
[8]李辉. 蛋白水平与来源对早期断奶犊牛消化代谢及胃肠道结构的影响 [D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2008: 41-110.
LI H. Effects of protein level and source on nutritent utilization and gastrointestinal characteristics in early-weaning calves [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2008: 41-110. (in Chinese)
[9]吕凯, 侯生珍, 王志有, 等. 饲粮蛋白质水平及赖氨酸/蛋氨酸对早期断奶藏羔羊生长性能及胃肠道组织形态的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(4): 743-751.
LV K, HOU S Z, WANG Z Y, et al. Dietary protein level and Lys/Met affect growth performance and gastrointestinal morphology of early-weaner Tibetan lambs [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013, 25(4): 743-751. (in Chinese)
[10]任文. 不同直/支链淀粉比对肥羔胃肠道发育及其相关基因 mRNA 表达量的影响 [D]. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2014: 30-82.
REN W. Effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratio on the development of gastrointestinal tract and mRNA expression of related genes in fattening in fattening lamb [D]. Daqing Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2014: 30-82. (in Chinese)
[11]FERRARIS R, DIAMOND J. Substrat-dependent regulation of intestinal nutrient transporters [J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 1989, 51:125-141.
[12]向泽宇, 王长庭. 青藏高原藏羊遗传资源的现状, 存在问题及对策 [J]. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2011, 27(2): 1-4.
XIANG Z Y, WANG C T. Current status of genetic resources of Tibetan sheep in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, existing problems and countermeasures [J]. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Digest of China, 2011, 27(2): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[13]李英年. 高寒草甸牧草产量和草场载畜量模拟研究及对气候变暖的响应 [J]. 草业学报, 2000, 9(2) : 77-82.
LI Y N. Simulation of forage yeild and stocking rate on alpine grassland in response to warming trend of climate [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000, 9(2): 77-82. (in Chinese)
[14]王宏博, 阎萍, 梁春年, 等. 甘南藏系绵羊饲养管理现状及发展对策 [C]. 简阳: 第八届羊业发展大会,2011: 53-54.
WANG H B, YAN P, LIANG C N, et al. Present situation and development countermeasures of Tibetan sheep in Gannan husbandry management [C]. Jianyang: Proceedings of the Eighth the Sheep Industry Conference, 2011: 53-54. (in Chinese)
[15]李长慧. 高寒草甸草地牧草产量及其营养 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2001,(9): 18-19.
LI C H. Alpine meadow forage yield and nutrition [J]. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal science and Veterinary Medicine, 2001,(9): 18-19. (in Chinese)
[16]赵禹臣, 孟庆翔, 参木有, 等. 西藏高寒草地冷暖季牧草的营养价值和养分提供量分析 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(12): 2515-2522.
ZHAO Y C, MENG Q X, SHEN M Y, et al.Estimation of nutritive values and nutrient supply of cold- and warm-season pastures from high-cold steppes of Tibet region [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, 24(12): 2515-2522. (in Chinese)
[17]薛白, 赵新全, 张耀生. 青藏高原天然草场放牧家畜体重和体能量变化动态 [J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2005, 37(1): 1-4.
XUE B, ZHAO X Q, ZHANG Y S. Dynamic change of body weight and energy of livestock grazing on natural grassland in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau [J]. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2005, 37(1): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[18]王安禄, 白永生,马玉明,等. 藏羊冷季体重变化动态与补饲效果研究 [J]. 草业科学, 1993, 10(6): 56-59.
WANG A L, BAI Y S, MA Y M, et al. A study of weight dynamic and supplemental feeding effect [J]. Pratacultural Science, 1993, 10(6): 56-59. (in Chinese)
[19]马桂琳, 祁红霞, 刘秀, 等. 甘南藏绵羊冷季补饲试验研究 [J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2011, 30(6): 35-37.
MA G L, QI H X, LIU X, et al. Study on supplementary feeding experiment for Gannan Tibetan sheep in cold season [J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2011, 30(6): 35-37. (in Chinese)
[20]张发慧. 藏系绵羊自然放牧条件下生长发育规律观察 [J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2009, 28(5): 26-28.
ZHANG F H. The rule of growth and development of Tibetan sheep in natural grazing conditions observed [J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2009, 28(5): 26-28. (in Chinese)
[21]张庆丽. 早期能量与蛋白限制饲养对 1 月龄断奶羔羊胃肠道发育的影响 [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2010: 30-74.
ZHANG Q L. Effect of early energy and protein restricted feeding on gastrointestinal development of weaned lambs at the age of 1 month [D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2010: 30-74. (in Chinese)
[22]王伟, 徐成体, 张明, 等. 青海省贵南县藏羊冷季精料补饲效果研究 [J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2013, 43(2): 10-11.
WANG W, XU C T, ZHANG M, et al. Study on effect concentrate supplementary feeding in Tibetan sheep in cold season in Guinan of Qinghai province[J]. Chinese Qinhai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2013, 43(2): 10-11. (in Chinese)
[23]丁考仁青,石红梅, 张玉林, 等. 甘南藏羊高寒牧区冷季补饲育肥试验 [J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2011, 30(6): 28-29.
DING K R Q, SHI H M, ZHANG Y L, et al. Cold season supplementary feeding experiment of Gannan Tibetan sheep in cold grazing region [J]. Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2011, 30(6): 28-29. (in Chinese)
[24]张海容. 不同精料补饲水平对藏绵羊生产性能和消化代谢影响的研究 [J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2009, 41(8): 24-28.
ZHANG H R. Effects of different concentrate supplement levels on the performance digestion and metabolism in the Tibetan sheep [J]. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2009, 41(8): 24-28. (in Chinese)
[25]张玲勤, 陈刚, 韩志辉, 等. 高寒地区枯草期放牧藏羊补饲试验 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2011,(12): 68-70.
ZHANG L Q, CHEN G, HAN Z H, et al. Study on supplementary feeding experiment for Tibetan sheep in dry period in cold grazing region [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2011,(12): 68-70. (in Chinese)
[26]佟瑛, 张堃, 王万帮, 等. 不同精料添加量对藏系绵羊的育肥效果 [J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2004, 39(5): 489-492.
TONG Y, ZHANG K, WANG W B, et al. Fattening effect of different concentrate supplementing levels on Tibetan sheep [J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2004, 39(5): 489-492. (in Chinese)
[27]WANG Y H, XU M, WANG F N, et al. Effect of dietary starch on rumen and small intestine morphology and digesta pH in goats [J]. Livest Sci, 2009, 122(1): 48-52.
[28]张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术 [M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2003: 48-76.
ZHANG L Y. Analysis of feed and feed quality detection technique [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2003: 48-76. (in Chinese)
[29]G T. 动物饲料中钙, 铜, 铁, 镁, 锰, 钾, 钠和锌含量的测定原子吸收光谱法 [S]. 2003.
G T. Animal feed calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and determination of zinc content - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method [S]. 2003. (in Chinese)
[30]LIVAK K J, SCHMITTGEN T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method [J]. Methods, 2001, 25(4): 402-408.
[31]景小平, 王之盛, 彭全辉, 等. 冷季补饲对藏羊消化道消化酶活性及表观消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(8): 2404-2413.
JING X P, WANG Z S, PENG Q H, et al. Effects of supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in digestive tract and apparent digestibility of Tibetan sheep in cold season [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(8): 2404-2413. (in Chinese)
[32]陈鼎. 小尾寒羊和滩羊肠道发育及其主要消化酶活性变化规律研究 [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2008:19-62.
CHEN D. Regulation of intestine and its digestive enzymes activities between small-tailed Han sheep and Tan sheep [D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2008: 19-62. (in Chinese)
[33]POND W G, ELLIS K J, MERSMANN H J, et al. Severe protein deficiency and repletion alter body and brain composition and organ weights in infant pigs [J]. J Nutr, 1996, 126(1): 290-302.
[34]GUIRALDES E, HAMILTON J R. Effect of chronic malnutrition on intestinal structure, epithelial renewal, and enzymes in suckling rats [J]. Pediatr Res, 1981, 15(6): 930-934.
[35]杜清友, 王会信. 胰岛素样生长因子结台蛋白研究进展 [J]. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 1998, 25(1): 104-105,108.
DU Q Y, WANG H X. Progress on the studies of insulin like growth factor binding proteins [J]. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1998, 25(1): 104-105,108. (in Chinese)
[36]熊霞, 阳成波, 印遇龙. 肠道氨基酸及氨基酸转运载体研究进展 [J]. 生理科学进展, 2012, 43(3): 202-206.
XIONG X, YANG C B, YIN Y L. Research progress on intestinal amino acid and amino acid transporters [J]. Progress in Physiological Science, 2012, 43(3): 202-206. (in Chinese)
[37]周玲, 王晓清, 刘臻, 等. 营养素转运载体的研究进展 [J]. 饲料研究, 2013,(4): 18-23.
ZHOU L, WANG X Q, LIU Z, et al. Research progress of nutrient transporters[J]. Feed Research, 2013,(4): 18-23. (in Chinese)
[38]GILBERT E R. Dietary and developmental regulation of nutrient transporter gene expression in the small intestine of two lines of broilers [D]. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2008.
[39]PAN X, TERADA T, OKUDA M, et al. The diurnal rhythm of the intestinal transporters SGLT1 and PEPT1 is regulated by the feeding conditions in rats [J]. J Nutr, 2004, 134(9): 2211-2215.
[40]SINCLAIR L, GARNSWORTHY P, NEWBOLD J, et al. Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep [J]. J Agr Sci, 1993, 120(2): 251-263.
[41]DYER J, VAYRO S, KING T P, et al. Glucose sensing in the intestinal epithelium [J]. Eur J Biochem, 2003, 270(16): 3377-3388.
[42]LOHRENZ A K, DUSKE K, SCHÖNHUSEN U, et al. Glucose transporters and enzymes related to glucose synthesis in small intestinal mucosa of mid-lactation dairy cows fed 2 levels of starch [J]. J Dairy Sci, 2011, 94(9): 4546-4555.
[43]REIMER R A, THOMSON A B, RAJOTTE R V, et al. A physiological level of rhubarb fiber increases proglucagon gene expression and modulates intestinal glucose uptake in rats [J]. J Nutr, 1997, 127(10): 1923-1928.
[44]MCCARTHY R D Jr, KLUSMEYER T H, VICINI J L, et al. Effects of source of protein and carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows [J]. J Dairy Sci, 1989, 72(8): 2002-2016.
[45]MARTIN C, MICHALET-DOREAU B. Manipulation of rumen fluid pH and its influence on in sacco dry matter degradation of forage[J]. Ann Zootech, 1994, 43(3): 254.
[46]MOULD F L, ORSKOV E R. Manipulation of rumen fluid pH and its influence on cellulolysis in sacco, dry matter degradation and the rumen microflora of sheep offered either hay or concentrate [J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 1983, 10(1): 1-14.
[47]CHAPPELL G L M, FONTENOT J P. Sheep rations on cellulose digestibility and nitrogen utilization effect of level of readily-available carbohydrates in purified[J]. J Anim Sci, 1968, 27(6): 1709-1715.
[48]焦金真, 王芃芃, 汤少勋, 等. 浏阳黑山羊胃肠道不同部位重要功能微生物的数量分布特征研究 [J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2013, 44(10): 1590-1599.
JIAO J Z, WANG P P, TANG S X, et al. Quantity and distribution characteristics of functional microorganisms in gastrointestinal tract of Liuyang black goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2013, 44(10): 1590-1599. (in Chinese)
[49]ARMSTRONG D G, BEEVER D E. Post-abomasal digestion of carbohydrate in the adult ruminant [J]. Proc Nutr Soc, 1969, 28(1): 121-131. |