中国北方奶牛金葡菌乳房炎感染现状及耐药性和流行类型研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

奶牛乳房炎，尤其是由金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）感染引起的隐性乳房炎是最难以防控的奶牛常见病。近五年来，本课题组对中国北方六个省市九个荷斯坦牛场的生产群高体细胞数（SCC）和低SCC奶牛以及临床乳房炎奶牛进行了十一批次采样，共采集奶样1 112头份，分离出191株金葡菌，所检测牛的平均金葡菌感染率达11.7%，其中生产群奶牛金葡菌感染率为12.4%，临床乳房炎牛为10.8%。对这些金葡菌进行药敏试验以及毒素基因检测，发现氯霉素和阿米卡星对金葡菌有较强抑制性，毒素基因检出率最高者是杀白细胞素基因PVL（70.2%）。依据金葡菌PFGE分型结果绘制中国北部及华东地区奶牛乳源金葡菌的流行图谱。结合国内外相关研究结果，对比分析了国内外奶牛金葡菌乳房炎的感染情况以及金葡菌的耐药性、毒素基因和流行类型，并提出了降低奶牛感染金葡菌乳房炎的相关策略。

关键词: 奶牛乳房炎, 金黄色葡萄球菌, 耐药性, 流行类型

Abstract:

Bovine mastitis，especially subclinical mastitis that induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)，is the most common disease，which is very difficult to prevent and control in dairy industries.In recent five years，our research group has collected 1 112 milk samples from nine dairy farms in Northern China，which included lactating cows with high and low somatic cell counts(SCC) as well as clinical mastitis cows within eleven sampling batches.A total of 191 strains of S.aureus were isolated and identified in the detected Northern dairy cattle and the average infectious ratio of mastitis infected by S.aureus was 11.7%(the lactating cattle was 12.4% and the clinical mastitis cattle was 10.8%).Antimicrobial susceptibility test and toxic genes detection revealed that Chloramphenicol，Amikacin and Cefoperazone had strong inhibitory effects on S.aureus mastitis， the highest detection rate of the toxic genes was panton-valentine leukocidin gene(70.2%).Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed the epidemical patterns of S.aureus in mastitis cattle in Northern and Eastern China.Combined with the related studies from domestic and foreign countries，the review systematically compared and analyzed the infectious ratio，the antibiotic resistance，the main toxic genes，the epidemical patterns of S.aureus mastitis.The strategies to prevent and control the incidence of S.aureus mastitis in dairy cattle were also discussed.

Key words: mastitis of dairy cattle, Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial resistance, epidemiological pattern

中图分类号:

王晓，俞英. 中国北方奶牛金葡菌乳房炎感染现状及耐药性和流行类型研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(9): 1477-1488.

WANG Xiao，YU Ying. Infectious Status of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle Induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Its Advances on Epidemiological Patterns and Antimicrobial Resistance in Northern China[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(9): 1477-1488.

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