苏尼特羊体脂脂肪酸组成的研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在了解年龄、育肥及解剖部位对苏尼特肉羊体脂脂肪酸组成的影响，为有效利用羊油脂提供依据。本研究从苏尼特左旗改良站种羊场放牧群中选取当年（1岁）、1.5岁和成年（3岁）羯羊各6只，育肥群中选取6只肥羔，进行屠宰测试，并分别采集尾油、板油、网油和胸椎上方皮下脂肪样品；同时采集草场混合牧草样品和育肥饲粮样品，并分别检测其脂肪酸组成。结果表明：（1）放牧饲粮的n-6/n-3为2.205，低于育肥饲粮（8.779）；（2）随着年龄的增加苏尼特羊净肉率和胴体脂肪率极显著提高（P<0.05），但1.5岁羊与成年羊之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；（3）随着年龄的增长苏尼特羊体脂中：①中链饱和脂肪酸（MCFA）组成上升（P<0.05）。②n-3多聚不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFA）组成下降（P<0.05）。③c18∶0组成和c4∶0等短链饱和脂肪酸（SCFA）组成上升（P<0.05）。④c18∶1c9组成下降（P<0.01）。⑤n-6/n-3和S/U上升（P>0.05）；（4）育肥使苏尼特羊体脂中：①MCFA组成上升（P<0.05）。②n-3PUFA组成下降（P<0.05），n-6/n-3提高（P<0.05）。③c18∶0组成（P<0.05）和SCFA组成（P<0.01）上升。同时使c18∶1c9组成下降（P<0.01）；（5）在部位间：①饱和脂肪酸，网油和板油c18∶0组成高而c16∶0组成低（P<0.01），相反皮下脂肪c16∶0组成高而c18∶0组成低（P<0.01），相比之下，尾油上述2种脂肪酸组成则相对都较低（P<0.01）。②不饱和脂肪酸，尾油c18∶1c9（P<0.01）和n-3PUFA（P<0.05）组成高，而n-6PUFA组成低（P<0.05）。网油中n-6PUFA组成高，而c18∶1c9组成低。板油和皮下脂肪中上述3种脂肪酸组成则均很低。③皮下脂肪中MCFA组成显著高于其他3个脂肪组织（P<0.01），而其他3个脂肪组织之间则无显著差异（P>0.05）。④n-6/n-3为尾油（1.512）<皮下脂肪（2.435）<板油<（2.468）<网油（2.675）（P<0.05）。说明，放牧组饲粮具有n-3PUFA营养特性，而育肥组饲粮则具有n-6PUFA营养特性；苏尼特肉羊早期生长发育速度显著高于后期，而且体脂沉积量也最佳；苏尼特羊体脂具有n-3PUFA营养特性，但年龄和育肥使体脂n-3PUFA营养特性明显降低；尾油PUFA的营养价值要明显高于网油和板油，最差的是皮下脂肪。另外，从脂肪酸对其风味的贡献看，尾油更优于其他3个脂肪组织，其中最差的也是皮下脂肪。

关键词: 苏尼特羊, 年龄, 放牧, 育肥, 饲粮, 体脂脂肪酸组成

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to understand the influence of age，fattening and anatomic sites on composition of body fatty acid in Sunit mutton sheep，and provide the basis for the effectively utilizing body fat.The slaughter test was conducted by selecting the 1-year-old wether，1.5-year-old wether and 3-year-old wether 6 for each from Sonid Zuoqi Improvement Station grazing group，and 6 fattening lamb from fattening sheep group.The fat were sampled from the tail，suet，net oil and the subcutaneous fat of 6^th-7^th thoracic vertebra，respectively.At the same time，pasture grass and fattening diet were sampled，and fatty acid composition of them were detected，respectively.The results showed：(1)Value of n-6/n-3 in pasture grass was 2.205∶1，which was significantly lower than that of fattening group(8.779∶1)；(2) With the increasing age，net meat percentage and carcass fat percentage significantly increased(P<0.05)，but there was no significant difference between 1.5-year-old and adult sheep (P>0.05)；(3) With the increasing age，body fat MCFA (P<0.05)，c18∶0 (P<0.05) and c4∶0 SCFA (P<0.05) components increased significantly.In contrast，n-3PUFA (P<0.05) and c18∶1c9 (P<0.01) composition decreased.The values of n-6/n-3 (P>0.05) and S/U (P>0.05) increased；(4) The fattening Sunit sheep body fat MCFA (P<0.05)，c18∶0 (P<0.05) and c4∶0 SCFA (P<0.01) components increased significantly.In contrast，c18∶1c9 (P<0.01) and n-3 PUFA (P<0.05) decreased.The n-6/n-3 value increased (P<0.05).(5) As for saturated fatty acids，there were higher c18∶0 and lower c16∶0 content in net fat and suet (P<0.01)，and higher c16∶0 and lower c18∶0 content in subcutaneous fat (P<0.01).Both of them were relatively lower in tail fat (P<0.01).As for unsaturated fatty acids，the c18∶1c9 (P<0.01) and n-3PUFA were higher in tail fat (P<0.05)，but n-6PUFA was lower (P<0.05).n-6PUFA was higher and c18∶1c9 was lower in net fat.However，all of them were lower in suet and subcutaneous fat.MCFA in subcutaneous fat was significantly higher than that in other 3 adipose tissues (P<0.01)，while there was no significant difference among the other 3 adipose tissues (P>0.05).The n-6/n-3 value from low to high was：tail fat (1.512∶1)<subcutaneous fat (2.435∶1)<suet (2.468∶1)<net fat (2.675∶1) (P<0.05).Diets for grazing sheep had n-3PUFA nutritional characteristics，and diets for fattening sheep had n-6PUFA nutritional characteristics.Sunit sheep growth rate and body fat deposition at early stage was significantly higher than that at later stage.Sunit sheep body fat had n-3PUFA nutritional characteristics，but age and fattening significantly decreased the nutritional characteristics of n-3PUFA.Nutritional value of PUFA in tail fat was much higher than that in net oil and suet，and the worst was in subcutaneous fat.As for the contribution of fatty acid to flavor，tail oil is the best and subcutaneous fat is the worst.

Key words: Sunit sheep, age, grazing;fattening, diet, body fat fatty acid composition

中图分类号:

S826.1

双金，敖力格日玛，敖长金. 苏尼特羊体脂脂肪酸组成的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(8): 1363-1374.

SHUANG Jin，AO Li-ge-ri-ma，AO Chang-jin. Study on Composition of Sunit Sheep Body Fatty Acid[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(8): 1363-1374.

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