流感病毒逃避宿主天然免疫抗病毒应答研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流感病毒是一种重要的呼吸道疾病病原，在人群中每年都会造成地方性流行，因其抗原性易发生变异，多次引起世界性大流行。流感病毒也可在多种动物群体持续传播，偶尔可经动物感染人类并在人群中传播和适应，一定条件下给人类健康造成潜在的威胁。天然免疫应答，特别是干扰素应答是机体早期抵御病毒感染的关键屏障；病毒突破这道屏障，才能成功感染宿主。为对抗病毒感染，宿主细胞利用一系列精密的抗病毒策略：利用模式识别受体识别病毒表达的产物，激活一系列信号级联反应，并导致干扰素等细胞因子的产生；干扰素诱导下游效应分子的表达，进而抑制病毒复制，并辅助机体引发特异性免疫。在与宿主共进化过程中，流感病毒也形成一套完善的拮抗宿主干扰素通路的策略，使病毒能有效地在宿主细胞中感染和传播。最近几年，关于病毒诱导和调控宿主天然免疫应答的研究取得突飞猛进的发展，特别是大量研究发现病毒可以利用各种策略逃避宿主的抗病毒应答。因此，本综述主要介绍流感病毒如何拮抗宿主的干扰素产生而逃避细胞抗病毒应答，有助于揭示流感病毒的致病机制和发现新的抗病毒靶标，从而为防控流感病毒感染奠定基础。

Abstract:

Influenza virus is an important respiratory pathogen，which can bring endemic infection in people every year，and can cause worldwide pandemic due to its easy variation of antigenicity.Influenza viruses can also spread in a variety of animal populations，transmit occasionally from animal species to the humans and spread in the population，resulting in potential threats to human health under certain conditions.Host innate immune response，especially early interferon response is the body’s first defense barrier against viral infections.Viruses must breakthrough that barrier in order to successfully infect the host.To fight viral infections，the host cells use a range of sophisticated anti-viral strategies：the cells firstly use pattern recognition receptor to recognize viral products，and then activate signaling cascades，leading to a range of interferon and other cytokines；downstream effector molecules are induced by interferons and inhibit viral replication；the activated cytokines contribute to adapted immune response.In the process of co-evolution with the host，influenza virus also develops perfect antagonist strategies to host interferon pathway，which help virus infect the host and spread efficiently in host cell.In recent years，the studies on how virus induces and modulates host innate immune response have made rapid development，and a large study found that the virus can utilize a variety of strategies to evade host antiviral response.Therefore，this review focuses on how influenza virus antagonizes host interferon production and evades cellular antiviral response，which will be contributed to uncover the pathogenicity mechanisms of influenza virus and reveal novel antiviral targets for the prevention and control of influenza infection.

中图分类号:

李永涛，王川庆. 流感病毒逃避宿主天然免疫抗病毒应答研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(4): 526-533.

LI Yong-tao，WANG Chuan-qing. Evasion of Host Innate Immune Antiviral Responses by Influenza Viruses[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(4): 526-533.

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