基于线粒体基因的新疆三种野兔分类及遗传多样性

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在利用分子遗传学方法探讨新疆3种野兔的系统发育关系和遗传多样性，以期明确其亲缘关系和分类地位，并评估其遗传多样性水平，为后续新疆野兔乃至中国野兔的保护遗传学等研究提供基础数据。本研究选用线粒体DNA的COI、ND4、16S rRNA 3个基因为分子标记，通过PCR扩增及测序技术分别测定采自新疆8个地区、4个地理组群共计57例野兔组织样本的3个基因序列，将序列校正拼接后用MEGA 7、DNAsp 6、Arlequin 3.1、MrBayes 3.2等软件进行数据分析。结果表明，将57例野兔样本的3个基因序列合并后共检测到43种单倍型，系统发育和中介网络图将相同及相邻地区的野兔划分为5个支系（Clade A-E）3大枝，且3大枝之间的遗传距离（4.21%~9.09%）均达到种间距离水平；其中，第3大枝中来自中部地区的野兔（Clade D）和新疆北部野兔（Clade E）的亲缘关系较近，二者之间的遗传距离≤2.26%，未达到种间遗传距离水平。新疆3种野兔中塔里木兔、藏兔帕米尔亚种和托氏兔西域亚种的单倍型多样性（h）较高，分别为0.979±0.014、0.972±0.064和0.972±0.064，而托氏兔西域亚种和中亚亚种的核苷酸多样性（π）较高，分别为0.033±0.018和0.023±0.015。基于线粒体3个基因的综合分析结果，结合已报道文献，本研究认为来自新疆西南部帕米尔高原的野兔应属于藏兔帕米尔亚种，支持将来自新疆北部阿勒泰及中部达坂城和托克逊地区的野兔分别划分为托氏兔西域亚种和托氏兔中亚亚种。新疆3种野兔具有丰富的遗传多样性和较明显的系统地理分布格局。

关键词: 新疆兔属动物, 分类, 遗传多样性, 系统发育, mtDNA

Abstract: The study aimed to explore the phylogeny and genetic diversity of 3 hare species in Xinjiang by molecular genetics methods, define the relationship and taxonomy status, assess diversity level of Lepus in Xinjiang, and provide the basic data for conservation genetics of hares in Xinjiang and even in China. Three mitochondrial DNA genes, COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA, were used as molecular markers, and the sequences of 3 genes of 57 samples collected from 8 different regions (4 geographic groups) in Xinjiang were determined by PCR amplification and sequencing technology. After the sequences of COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA of each sample were revised and pooled together, data were analyzed with softwares such as MEGA 7, DNAsp 6, Arlequin 3.1 and MrBayes 3.2. A total of 43 haplotypes were detected from the combined sequences of 3 genes of 57 hare samples. Five distinct clades (A-E) and 3 clusters were clearly showed in phylogenetic tree and median-joining network (MJN). Furthermore, the genetic distance between 3 clusters reached the level of species (4.21%-9.09%). However, the genetic distance between hares from northern Xinjiang (Clade E) and those from central Xinjiang (Clade D) were not up to the level of species (≤2.26%) in the third cluster. The haplotype diversity (h) of Lepus yarkandensis, Lepus tibetanus pamirensis and Lepus tolai lehmanni were higher(0.979±0.014, 0.972±0.064 and 0.972±0.064, respectively), while the nucleotide diversity (π) of the L. t. lehmanni and L. t. centrasiaticus were higher (0.033±0.018 and 0.023±0.015, respectively). Based on comprehensive analysis of 3 genes of mitochondrion and reference with published research, it is suggested that hares from southwestern Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang should belong to L. t. pamirensis. Meanwhile，hares distributed in northern and central Xinjiang might be considered as L. t. lehmanni and L. t. centrasiaticus. Moreover, there is abundant genetic diversity in the 3 hare species in Xinjiang, and the obvious phylogeographic pattern is showed.

Key words: Lepus in Xinjiang, classification, genetic diversity, phylogeny, mtDNA

中图分类号:

单文娟, 代慧英, 张玉琮. 基于线粒体基因的新疆三种野兔分类及遗传多样性[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(10): 2403-2412.

SHAN Wenjuan, DAI Huiying, ZHANG Yucong. Classification and Genetic Diversity of Three Hare Species in Xinjiang Based on Mitochondrial DNA[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(10): 2403-2412.

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