Abstract: The lesions of goat pox in Guizhou Province were observed using transmission electronic microscopy. Numerous typical goat poxvirus in different mature stages were found in the cytoplasma of the affected epithelial cells in skin and lung, and some also could be found in the cytoplasma of macrophages, fibroblastic cells and vascular endothelial cells with a few within the blood vessels. Besides the virus diffused or restricted as a virus inclusion body in the cytoplasm, the affected cells are usually swelling with enlarged cell organs such as mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. An interesting and important finding is that myelinated nerve fibers were also involved by the virus and affected macrophages and segmental demyelination with degeneration of axon and Schwann cells were noted. The typical matured or maturing virus particles were also found in the epithelial cells and the fibroblastic cells in the affected chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo.