Random microsatellite amplification polymorphic DNA (RMAPD) technique was used to analyze association of polymorphisms of Xinong Saanen dairy goats with economic traits (including milk yields in different lactations, litter size in different birth and body sizes such as birth weight, body weight, stature, body size, shank girth and heart girth). The results about associations of RMAPD with three economic traits indicated that 66 bands had significantly effect on milk yield, litter sizes and body sizes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among those, 23 bands (including 14 positive bands and 9 negative bands) significantly affected milk yield, especially band C, D, J and K of HEL1r+F09 which produced significantly effect on milk yield from third lactation to fifth lactation and average milk yields; 23 bands ( including 11 positive bands and 12 negative bands) significantly affected litter sizes, especially band J of HEL1r+F09、band H of MFW20f+P4、band E of HEL1f+F09, band A and D of MFW20f+F09 which significantly associated with litter sizes；20 bands ( including 9 positive bands and 11 negative bands) had significantly effect on body sizes. For example, band G of HEL1f+F09, band E of HEL1r+F09 significantly associated with birth weight, and band M of HEL1r+OPW19 produced the same marked effect on heart girth (P<0.01).

According to the Mouflon and the human sex differentiation related ZFX and ZFY genes,a pair of primers were designed.The fragments were amplified from the genomic DNA of male or female New-breeding cashmere goat.Subsequently the portion amplified fragments of exon 11 were cloned and sequenced.The comparison of these sequences with those of other animals(Tibetan sheep,Mouflon,Horse,Coyote,Pig,Whale,Human and Cow) was performed using the bio-software such as,ClustalX.exe,Mega through blastn of NCBI.Using many ways to build molecule system trees, for example, the N-J method can show that the new-breeding cashmere goat is the closest to Mouflon,while it is the furthest to other species.The results of comparison indicated that the homologies of nucleotide sequence is 92%,the homologies of transmitted amino acid sequence is 95%. The result of PCR's product which is digested by restricted enzyme (AvaII)show that:restriction site of AvaII was found to be specific to ZFX gene.So the combination of PCR with AvaII digestion is a simple and sensitive way to identify the new-breeding cashmere goat sex.

Genetic variation of five microsatellite loci BM1818, BM143, BM1443, BM1905 and BM711 which were closely linked to milk composition traits was analyzed in 90 Hebei Holstein cows with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allele frequency, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content, the effective number of alleles of five microsatellite loci were calculated. Relationships between five microsatellite loci and milk composition traits in Hebei Holstein cows were preliminarily analyzed by least squares linear model. The results indicated that microsatellite BM1818 had significant effect on dry matter percentage; microsatellites BM143 and BM711 had significant effects on milk yield at 305 d, fat percentage, protein percentage and dry matter percentage; microsatellite BM1443 had significant effect on milk yield at 305 d; microsatellite BM1905 had significant effects on milk yield at 305 d and protein percentage. 102 bp/120 bp at BM143, 160 bp/160 bp at BM1443, 182 bp/195 bp at BM1905, 182 bp/182 bp at BM711 were the most favourable genotypes for milk yield at 305 d. 100 bp/112 bp at BM143, 173 bp/188 bp at BM711 were the most favourable genotypes for fat percentage. 120 bp/120 bp at BM143, 177 bp/189 bp at BM1905, 180 bp/188 bp at BM711 were the most favourable genotypes for protein percentage. 278 bp/282 bp at BM1818, 100 bp/112 bp at BM143, 173 bp/190 bp at BM711 were the most favourable genotypes for dry matter percentage.

Two bands of OPAY02 type marker have been cloned, sequenced and two pair of primers was designed according to the two bands DNA sequence to amplify the SCAR-markers on 86 individuals randomly selected from New Yangzhou chickens. The results showed that the large molecular weight band is located on 3rd chromosome comparing with red jungle fowl genomic DNA, the sequence identities were 98% and 8 SNP mutations were detected , they were 195 (T→G), 316 (A→T), 538 (G→A), 731 (T→A), 1 147 (G→A), 1 329 (T→C), 1 927 (C→T) and 2 081 (C→T), the small molecular weight band can’t be found in red jungle fowl genomic DNA, speculated that New Yangzhou chicken may originate from not only red jungle fowl, but also other jungle fowls. It was also confirmed by SCAR-markers that the two bands of OPAY02 type marker can be applied to genetic analyses because of its stability and reliability. Genotype equilibrium test showed that New Yangzhou chickens are equilibrium at the two bands loci, two bands of OPAY02 type marker MAS will be in favor of breeding of chickens.

A 3′-untranslated region (UTR) DNA sequence (1 064 bp) of Myostatin gene in goose was obtained by PCR, using forward primer devised by Myostatin gene of the goose and reverse primer devised by Myostatin gene of the chicken. It has a polyA tail-signal sequence (TAATAAA) and highfrequency TTTT sequences (a kind of high conservative region). Compared with 12 other species’ same gene sequence, it has the highest homology with chicken (up to 87.1%) and the lowest homology with fishes (down to 11%). The phylogenetic tree constructed by 3′-UTR of Myostatin genes in these 13 species shows that 3′-UTR sequence can offer certain information for animal’s evolution.

Neonatal pig skeletal muscle satellite cells were obtained by the two step method of collegenaseⅠand trypsin, and were subject to primary as well as secondary culture in vitro. Morphological observation and growth curve were used to evaluate the proliferative and differentiation ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells. The cells were identified with RT-PCR and cellular immunochemical stain. The results showed that the two step method with collegenaseⅠ and trypsin was suitable for collection of skeletal muscle satellite cells. The cells showed strong proliferative ability in the proliferative media and could form myotubes in differentiation media. In all, a method for culture, identification of the neonatal pig skeletal muscle satellite cell was established, which laying a foundation for the establishment of the pig skeletal muscle satellite cell line.

Rabbit antigoatspleen and antigoatfibroblast serum were each produced in 2 New Zealand White rabbits separately which were bled 10 days after 3 intravenous injections of 4×10⁸ cells into Guanzhong dairy goat spleen and fetal fibroblast cells. In each group 2 rabbits were immunized and the 4 kinds of antiserum were all cytotoxinic, but the lysis value of antiserum obtained from spleen was slightly higher than fetal fibroblast cells. 24 Guanzhong dairy goats and 3 Boer goats were superovulated and collected embryos during 6-9 d after mating with a result of total 240 embryos including 106 blastocysts. Our results show that the suitable embryo development time to separate inner cell mass (ICM) is 7 to 9 days after mating. Antiserum was cytotoxinic to goat red blood cells, embryos of Guanzhong dairy goats and Boer goats according to their cytotoxinic experiments. Comparing 50％dissolvable value of goat red blood cells with lysis trophoblast cell value, we find the latter is 2²-2³ times as compared with the former. Thus it is feasible to get the suitable lysis trophoblast cell value by immunosurgery treatment of red blood cells. Separation of ICM from goat blastocysts by immunosurgery is a twostep procedure. The best parameters were as follows: the proportion of antiserum dilution is 1∶4 to 1∶15, the proportion of complement dilution is 1∶20, the time for embryos exposed to antiserum is 30 min and to complement is about 20-30 min. Finally, the damaged trophoblastic layer was removed by pipetting the blastocysts through a small-bore glass pipette and the ICM could easily be separated from the remnants of trophoblastic cells. The morphology of ICM is closely related to the quality of its derived blastocyst. When ICM was seeded on mitomycin-inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders, they would attach on feed layers in 2 days. 4-7 days later, ICM proliferated and formed ES-like colonies which were surrounded by lots of vacuolar-like cells.

PRKAG3 gene, which encodes AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)γ3 subunit, was considered as a major gene of affecting meat quality traits such as muscle pH, color and water-holding capacity, and its nonconservative substitution(R200Q) associated with excess glycogen content in pig skeletal muscle is the reason of causing RN^- effect. In present study, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to determine the PRKAG3 gene expression difference in heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of Ya-Nan and DLY pigs, and the data were normalized using the β-actin gene as internal control. Additionally, carcass traits, including undressing percentage, backfat thickness , eye lean area and intramuscular fat were measured. The results suggested that PRKAG3 was mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and less in heart，but not in liver and kidney. In skeletal muscle, PRKAG3 gene expression of Ya-Nan pigs was higher than that of DLY pigs（P=0.078）.Correlation analyses showed that the relative expression of PRKAG3 gene had no relation to undressing percentage, backfat thickness and eye lean area, but had positive relation to intramuscular fat（r=0.832）

Six castrated male goats weighing (18.97±1.80）kg were surgically fitted with jugular, hepatic portal, hepatic venous, mesenteric venous and femoral artery catheters in a self-contrast design experiment to study the effects of cysteamine (CS) on blood flow, changes of some hormones flux and absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds in portal drained viscera(PDV) and liver. Compared with -2d, on 3d, after treating with a single i.v. at the dosage of 50 mg/kgBW CS, blood flows through PDV and liver tissues were increased by 2181%(P<0.01) and 10.21%(P<0.05), respectively. Plasma flows was increased by 23.08%(P<0.05) and 15.05% (P<0.05), respectively. On 6d, blood and plasma flows through PDV and liver tissues were close to that of control. On -2d, 3d and 6d, net liver IGF-I output was 47.57, 67.58（P<0.05）and 44.76 μg/min, respectively. Net liver insulin uptake was 2.32, 3.17 and 2.23 mU/min, net liver glucagon uptake was 1.71, 3.25（P<0.05）and 1.02 ng/min. Results also showed that net acetate and glucose produced in liver, were 12.71% and 50.59%（P<0.05）higher than control, respectively. Net flux of NEFA for PDV was increased by 32.25% and 9.67% than control on 3d and 6d, respectively. Net liver NEFA output on 3d and 6d was increased 4.57 times（P<0.01）and 4.14 times（P<0.01）than control. Net flux of AAN, NH₃-N for PDV tissues was increased by 36.36% and 27.23%, while urea-N tended to increase.

Sixty-four 4-week-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups, and were inoculated with the parental fowl poxvirus (S-FPV-017), rFPV-IBVS1, live IB vaccine (H120) and PBS (control) respectively. Chickens immunized with rFPV-IBVS1 developed antibodies against IBV post-immunization. Four weeks post-vaccination, all chickens were challenged with a lethal dose (1×10^3.0 EID₅₀/0.2 mL) of virulent IBV LX4 strain. The results showed that 12 out of 16 chickens immunized with rFPV-IBVS1 were well protected, and 13 out of 16 chickens were protected in the group immunized with IB vaccine. After challenge, chickens of rFPV-IBVS1 and H120 vaccinated groups had a shorter time period of virus shedding from respiratory tract in comparison with control group, and the virus separation rates were significantly lower than control group. Slight pathological changes could be seen in liver, spleen, kidney, lung and tracheal of chickens in H120 and rFPV-IBVS1 groups rather than in control group.

A pair of primers was designed according to the sequence of MIC3 from GenBank. The entire ORF encoding MIC3 sequence was obtained by amplification from genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain and cloned into the plasmid pGEX-KG. The constructed recombinant plasmid was transferred into E.coli DH5α susceptible cell and identified by enzyme digesting, PCR and sequencing.Then the target recombinant plasmid was transferred into E.coli BL21-Codonplus susceptible cell, the expression of the recombinant pGEX-KGMIC3 was induced by IPTG. The expressed products were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. The results showed that the sequence identities were 99.6 % between amplified MIC3 gene and that from GenBank(AJ132530). The size of recombinant MIC3 protein was about 66 ku. It could be specifically recognized by immune serum against Toxoplasma gondii from rabbit.

A recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 containing the porcine growth hormone gene (Ad-pGH) was constructed with a homologous recombination method. A high level expression of pGH was detected in HEK293 cells and PK-15 cells infected with Ad-pGH. Furthermore, Ad-pGH were injected intramuscularly at a dose of 1 mL(10¹⁰TCID₅₀) each to 60 day-old crossbred pigs.Compared with the control animals at 4 weeks and 6 weeks after the injection, the pigs increased in weight gain by 37% and 19% respectively. The feed/gain ratio improved in Ad-pGH treated pigs. These results suggested that Ad-pGH is able to promote growth in pigs significantly. The in vivo expression of pGH can be maintained about four weeks.

The halofuginone was modified to prepare Hal-suc as hapten. The hapten was conjugated to BSA as immunogen and to OVA as coated antigen by NHS ester procedure. The anti-Hal serum was acquired in rabbits against the conjugate after sixth immunization. The optional dilution of the anti-Hal serum was 1:102 400 by the indirect ELISA. An ELISA method for the determination of the Hal in chicken liver and muscle tissues was developed. In the chicken liver tissue fortified at 50, 100, 500 ng/g, the average recoveries ranged from 74.2% to 96.8%. In the chicken muscle tissue fortified at 50, 100, 500ng/g, the average recoveries ranged from 74.3% to 90.0%. The detection limits in chicken liver tissue and in chicken muscle tissue were 28ng/g and 19ng/g respectively.

The pharmacokinetic properties of ofloxacin (OFL) sustain-released injection in swine were studied by 10 mg/kg dosage administration of OFL. The concentrations of OFL in the plasma were determined by reversed-phase HPLC-FLD. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out by using a computer program (3p97, China Pharmacology Association). The OFL concentrations-time data were best described by a one-compartment open model after single intravenous administration of the OFL injection. The OFL concentrations-time data were both described by a one-compartment open model with first order absorption after single intramuscular administration of the OFL sustain-released injection and the OFL injection. The t_1/2ka,t_1/2ke,T_max, C_max and the bioavailability after intramuscular administration of the OFL sustain-released injection were（0.292 0±0.102 4）h, （6.902 2±0.901 9）h, （1.379 5±0.373 2）h,（2.148 1±0.296 1） μg/mL and （95.70±12.56）％，respectively. Moreover, its effective time （MIC=0.5 μg/mL）could be maintained （15.736 4±1.854 2） h. Compared with the OFL injection, t_1/2ka and t1_/2ke of the OFL sustain-released injection were both extended, and its T_max was delayed. Its C_max was reduced, and it had better bioavailability. These experimental results indicated that the OFL sustain-released injection has sustained-released and long-acting properties.

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α gene(HIF-1α) in the lung of ascitic broilers was studied in comparison with healthy broilers.cDNA encoding HIF-1α from the lung of ascitic broilers was transfected into E.coli DH5α by using pMD18-T vector.Sequence analysis showed that the cloned 1 576bp cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence shared 99% and 98% homology respectively with chicken embryo HIF-1α cDNA. The expression of HIF-1α in the lung of 4 healthy broilers and 4 ascitic broilers were then examined by RT-PCR. Results showed HIF-1α mRNA abundance was significantly higher in the lung of ascitic broilers than that in healthy broilers（P<0.01）. The result suggested that HIF-1α may be involved in the development of ascitic symptom induced by pulmonary hypertension of broilers.

Deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder in cattle, resulting in early embryonic death of homozygous offspring. To identify the mutation responsible for DUMPS, a direct genome DNA test based on PCR-RLFP was developed. Altogether 224 dairy cows from 6 herds in Jinan and 53 Holstein bulls were analysed, of which 2 cows, i.e. 0.89% were confirmed DUMPS carriers in cows, and zreo in bulls. Experimention tested the method was repeatable, sensitive and stable.

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of energy intake during the dry period on the expression of IR mRNA in the liver of periparturient diary cows. Thirty healthy multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated into three groups and fed 100% energy diet (standard diets), 120% energy diet and 80% energy diet，respectively, beginning at the 28th day before parturition. After calving, all the cows were offered the lactation ration ad libitum until the 56th day postpartum. The results indicated that the cows fed with low energy diet during the dry period had the significant highest level of IR mRNA in the liver than that in the cows fed with 120% energy diet and 100% energy diet. It is concluded that the low energy diet during the dry period could be helpful to regulation of blood glucose balance in the periparturient diary cows by enhancing insulin receptor quantity.

Vaccination is one of effective ways in prevention and controlling the epidemic of HPAI in China. Many risk factors may affect the immune effect in chicken and bring risks to the immune prevention strategies. To identify those risk factors and assess the related risks, we have designed a risk assessment model of immune prevention of HPAI based on the principle of analytic hierarchy process. The analysis results from the model showed that ill management, nonstandard vaccination and laboratory surveillance are high risk factors. The results can provide scientific reference for making surveillance and control measures.

In order to observe the proportion and the distribution of fibe types in the gastrocnemius muscles and tibialis anterior muscles, histochemical characteristics of the muscles fibers from adult rabbits were observed by nicotinamide adenine dinuclectide tetrazolium oxidoreductase (NADH-TR) staining. The results revealed that these muscle fibers were divided into type I，IIA and IIB fiber，and showed a mosaic pattern of fiber types distribution. The percentage of type I，IIA and IIB fibers were separately 15.2% , 27.4% and 57.4% of the total amount of medial gastrocnemius muscles, and about 13.7% , 65.4% and 20.9% in lateral gastrocnemius muscles. We suggeste that the medial gastrocnemius produce relative high tension in maintaining the standing posture and stabilizing organism, and the lateral gastrocnemius serve more in velocity and force. In the tibialis anterior muscles, the percentage of I，IIA and IIB fiber types are about 10.9% , 52.3% and 36.8%. It is designed mainly to stabilize the ankle and to help to maintain the arches of foot, and take part in plantarflexing the ankle. The diameter of type I fiber was among 57.50-58.40 μm, type IIA fiber was among 59.25-75.40 μm, type IIB fiber was among 73.25-97.85 μm in medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle. Transverse section of type IIB fiber was the biggest, transverse section of type IIA fiber was medium, and transverse section of type I fiber was the smallest.