Abstract:

In order to explore the ecological type difference between the same breeds in different areas，the ecological types of Jiaxian Red cattle in different areas was studied by the combination of microsatellite markers and morphological markers.The results showed that the 19 microsatellite loci were all with higher polymorphic and genetic parameters，which suggested that there was greater genetic variation within the breeds.The genetic parameters variance analysis indicated that the difference of genetic diversity was closely related to geographical distribution in each group.The Jiaxian Red cattle had the unique ecological types under the rich ecological conditions of Henan province.The Nei’s standard genetic distance and cluster analysis results showed that the genetic distance were minimum between the center areas and preservation field of Jiaxian Red cattle populations and had a close relationship，so the two populations were gathered together firstly，and then the two populations were aggregated with the edge region populations.The strong positive correlationship between geographic distance and genetic distance were found.The comparison between body size indexes indicated that the body size parameters were smaller in the conservation field population than that in the populations in central and edge areas，in which the central area was the biggest one.The geographical factors and production environment had an important influence on the body size indexes.The statistical results of hair color and angle type showed that each region had subtle differences in Jiaxian Red cattle populations in appearance，but all of populations had the intrinsic characteristics of the pure Jiaxian Red cattle.The results indicate that the phenotypic differences are consistent with molecular genetic basis of Jiaxian Red cattle in different areas，which prove the stability of the local ecological breeds.