长期饲喂高脂饲料对大鼠血脂、肝及肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨长期饲喂高脂饲料对大鼠血脂、肝及肠道菌群的影响。本研究选择成年健康SD大鼠随机分为两组：空白对照组和高脂饲料组（n=10），分别采用维持饲料和高脂饲料饲喂13周，在第8及第13周，采集血清进行血脂分析，并于第13周采集肝组织及盲肠内容物，检测肝病变及肠道菌群变化，并预测与其相关的代谢通路。结果表明，高脂饲料可显著升高TG、TCH及LDL水平（P<0.01），并导致严重的肝脂肪变性；相比于第8周结果，延长饲喂时间可显著增高TCH和HDL（P<0.01）。高脂饲料可显著降低肠道菌群Shannon及Chao指数（P<0.001），降低菌群多样性，并显著改变菌群组成，引起厚壁菌门及放线菌门的增加和拟杆菌门的减少（P<0.01）；PICRUSt预测对照组差异代谢通路，主要涉及细菌的生存与繁殖等，而高脂饲料组主要与能量、氨基酸代谢相关，这些通路的改变可能与血脂异常及肠道菌群多样性的降低紧密联系。本研究证实了长期饲喂高脂饲料对大鼠血脂、肝及肠道菌群的危害，为血脂异常成因的阐明提供了依据，也对宠物健康饮食管理有一定的指导作用。

关键词: 高脂饲料, 肠道菌群, 血脂, 肝, 大鼠

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term feeding with high fat diet (HFD) on blood lipids, liver and gut microbiota in rats. Healthy adult SD rats were selected and divided into 2 groups:control group and HFD group (n=10). Rats in different groups were fed with normal diet and HFD for 13 weeks, respectively, and blood samples were collected on 8th and 13th week for blood lipids analysis. Liver tissues and cecal contents were collected to observe the changes of liver and gut microbiota on 13th week. Metabolic pathways related with gut microbiota were also predicted. The results showed that HFD could significantly increase the levels of TG, TCH and LDL (P <0.01) and result in serious steatosis in liver. Compared with the results on 8th week, prolonging time of HFD feeding increased the levels of TCH and HDL (P <0.01). Shannon and Chao indices were significantly lowered by HFD (P <0.001), indicating the reduction of gut microbiota richness. HFD also altered the composition of gut microbiota such as increasing Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and reducing Bacteroidetes (P <0.01). Results of PICRUSt showed that the metabolic pathways of control group were mainly associated with bacteria living and reproduction, while the pathways in HFD group were mainly associated with the metabolism of energy and amino acids. These changes of pathways might be related to the dyslipidemia and the decrease of gut microbiota richness. The study proved the harm of long-term feeding with HFD to blood lipids, liver and gut microbiota, and provided information for dyslipidemia and some guidance for diet management of pets.

Key words: high fat diet, gut microbiota, blood lipid, liver, rat

中图分类号:

S816

马宁, 刘希望, 孔晓军, 李世宏, 秦哲, 焦增华, 杨亚军, 李剑勇. 长期饲喂高脂饲料对大鼠血脂、肝及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(7): 1271-1280.

MA Ning, LIU Xi-wang, KONG Xiao-jun, LI Shi-hong, QIN Zhe, JIAO Zeng-hua, YANG Ya-jun, LI Jian-yong. Effects of Long-term Feeding of High Fat Diet on Blood Lipids, Liver and Gut Microbiota in Rats[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(7): 1271-1280.

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