胍基乙酸和甜菜碱对育肥猪肌肉能量代谢和肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究日粮中添加胍基乙酸及联合添加胍基乙酸和甜菜碱对育肥猪肌肉能量代谢和肉品质的影响。试验选用杜长大三元杂交阉割公猪180头，随机分为3组：对照组，饲喂基础日粮；胍基乙酸组，饲喂基础日粮+1 g•kg^-1胍基乙酸；胍基乙酸+甜菜碱组，饲喂基础日粮+1 g•kg^-1胍基乙酸+0.5 g•kg^-1甜菜碱，每组3个重复（圈），每个重复20头猪。试验期为15 d。结果表明：日粮中添加胍基乙酸及胍基乙酸+甜菜碱能显著降低猪肉的滴水损失(P<0.01)、硬度、蒸煮损失和剪切力值(P<0.05)，并提高pH_{45 min}(P<0.05)、pH_{24 h}(P<0.01)，肌酸含量(P<0.05)、磷酸肌酸含量(P<0.01)和ATP含量(P<0.001)。结果表明：饲料中添加胍基乙酸及联合添加胍基乙酸和甜菜碱能通过调节育肥猪能量代谢改善肉品质。

关键词: 胍基乙酸, 甜菜碱, 猪, 能量代谢, 肉品质

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid(GAA) and combination of GAA and betaine on muscle energy metabolism and meat quality in finishing pigs.A total of 180 cross castrated male pigs(Duroc×Landrace×White) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental diet groups：control(CON，basal diet)，GAA group(GAA；basal diet supplemented with 1 g of GAA per kg of feed)，combination group(CGB；basal diet supplemented with 1 g of GAA and 0.5 g of betaine per kg of feed).Each treatment was replicated in 3 pens with 20 pigs each.The experimental period lasted 15 d.Compared with the control group，GAA and CGB supplementation significantly reduced drip loss(P<0.01)，hardness，cooking loss and shear force(P<0.05)，increased pH_{45 min} (P<0.05)，pH_{24 h} (P<0.01).In addition，dietary GAA and CGB increased the contents of creatine(P<0.05)，phosphocreatine(P<0.01) and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)(P<0.001) in muscle.The results indicated that the dietary supplementation with GAA and CGB could improve meat quality via regulating muscle energy metabolism of finishing pigs.

Key words: guanidinoacetic acid, betaine, pigs, energy metabolism, meat quality

中图分类号:

S828
S815.4

刘洋，李蛟龙，张林，高峰，周光宏. 胍基乙酸和甜菜碱对育肥猪肌肉能量代谢和肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(9): 1557-1563.

LIU Yang，LI Jiao-long，ZHANG Lin，GAO Feng，ZHOU Guang-hong. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Guanidinoacetic Acid and Combination of Guanidinoacetic Acid and Betaine on Muscle Energy Metabolism，Meat Quality in Finishing Pigs[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(9): 1557-1563.

参考文献

［1］MICHIELS J，MAERTENS L，BUYSE J，et al.Supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid to broiler diets：effects on performance，carcass characteristics，meat quality，and energy metabolism［J］.Poult Sci，2012，91(2)：402-412.
［2］OSTOJIC S M，NIESS B，STOJANOVIC M，et al.Creatine metabolism and safetyprofiles after six-week oral guanidinoacetic acid administration in healthy humans［J］.Int J Med Sci，2013，10(2)：141-147.
［3］WYSS M，KADDURAH-DAOUK R.Creatine and creatinine metabolism［J］.Physiol Rev，2000，80(3)：1107-1213.
［4］SCHOCH R D，WILLOUGHBY D，GREENWOOD M.The regulation and expression of the creatine transporter：a brief review of creatine supplementation in humans and animals［J］.J Int Soc Sports Nutr，2006，3（1）：60-66.
［5］LINDAHL G，YOUNG J F，OKSBJERG N，et al.Influence of dietary creatine monohydrate and carcass cooling rate on colour characteristics of pork loin from different pure breeds［J］.Meat Sci，2006，72(4)：624-634.
［6］SALES J.A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of pigs［J］.Anim Feed Sci Tech，2011，165(1-2)：68-78.
［7］AOAC.Official methods of analysis［S］.Arlington，V A：Association of Official Analytical Chemists，1995：684.
［8］国家质检总局，GB/T5009—2003食品中水分的测定方法［S］.北京：中国标准出版社，2003.
General administration of quality supervision，inspection and quarantine of the People’s Republic of China，GB/T5009—2003 Determination of moisture in food［S］.Beijing：China Standards Press，2003.(in Chinese)
［9］吴谋成.食品分析与感官评定［M］.北京：中国农业出版社，2002.
WU M C.Food analysis and sensory evaluation［M］.Beijing：China Agriculture Press，2002.(in Chinese)
［10］BOURNE M C.Texture profile analysis［J］.Food Technol，1978，32(7)：62-66，72.
［11］STRAADT I K，RASMUSSEN M，ANDERSEN H J，et al.Aging-induced changes in microstructure and water distribution in fresh and cooked pork in relation to water-holding capacity and cooking loss-A combined confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation study［J］.Meat Sci，2007，75(4)：687-695.
［12］HAYES J E，KENNY T A，WARD P，et al.Development of a modified dry curing process for beef［J］.Meat Sci，2007，77(3)：314-323.
［13］HONIKEL K O.Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat［J］.Meat Sci，1998，49(4)：447-457.
［14］BEATTIE V E，O’CONNELL N E，MOSS B W.Influence of environmental enrichment on the behaviour，performance and meat quality of domestic pigs［J］.Livest Prod Sci，2000，65(1-2)：71-79.
［15］YUAN Y L，LI J L，ZHANG W H，et al.A comparison of slaughter performance and meat quality of pigs immunised with a gonadotrophin-releasing factor vaccine against boar taint with physically castrated pigs［J］.Anim Prod Sci，2012，52(10)：911-916.
［16］REHFELDT C，STABENOW B，PFUHL R，et al.Effects of limited and excess protein intakes of pregnant gilts on carcass quality and cellular properties of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in fattening pigs［J］. J Anim Sci，2012，90(1)：184-196.
［17］PARDO C E，KREUZER M，BEE G.Effect of average litter weight in pigs on growth performance，carcass characteristics and meat quality of the offspring as depending on birth weight［J］.Animal，2013，7(11)：1884-1892.
［18］LEMME A，RINGEL J，ROSTAGNO H S，et al.Supplemental guanidino-acetic acid improved feed conversion，weight gain，and breast meat yield in male and female broilers［C］.In：Proceedings of the 16^th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition.Strasbourg，France：World’s Poultry Science Association，2007：335-338.
［19］WANG L S，SHI B M，SHAN A S，et al.Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance，meat quality and antioxidation in growing-finishing pigs［J］.J Anim Vet Adv，2012，11(5)：63-68.
［20］BERTOL T M，ELLIS M，RITTER M J，et al.Effect of feed withdrawal and handling on longissimus muscle glycolytic potential and blood measurements in slaughter weight pigs［J］. J Anim Sci，2005，83(7)：1536-1542.
［21］RYU Y C，KIM B C.The relationship between muscle fiber characteristics，postmortem metabolic rate，and meat quality of pig longissimus dorsi muscle［J］.Meat Sci，2005，71(2)：351-357.
［22］RAHMAN M S，AL-FARSI S A.Instrumental texture profile analysis(TPA) of date flesh as a function of moisture content［J］.J Food Eng，2005，66(4)：505-511.
［23］BENITO M J，RODRIGUEZ M，ACOSTA R，et al.Effect of the fungal extracellular protease EPg222 on texture of whole pieces of pork loin［J］.Meat Sci，2003，65(2)：877-884.
［24］SCHEFFLER T L，GERRARD D E.Mechanisms controlling pork quality development：The biochemistry controlling postmortem energy metabolism［J］.Meat Sci，2007，77(1)：7-16.
［25］LEMME A，RINGEL J，STERK A，et al.Supplemental guanidino acetic acid affects energy metabolism of broilers［C］.In：Proceedings of the 16^th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition.Strasbourg，France：World’s Poultry Science Association，2007：26-30.
［26］GUTHMILLER P，VANPILSUM J F，BOEN J R，et al.Cloning and sequencing of rat-kidney L-arginine-glycine amidinotransferase.Studies on the mechanisms of regulation by growth-hormone and creatine［J］.J Biol Chem，1994，269(26)：17556-17560.
［27］DILGER R N，BRYANT-ANGEONI K，PAYNE R L，et al.Dietary guanidino acetic acid is an efficacious replacement for arginine for young chicks［J］.Poult Sci，2013，92(1)：171-177.
［28］European Food Safety Authority.Scientific opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed(FEEDAP) on a request from the European Commission on the safety and efficacy of CreAmino(guanidinoacetic acid) as feed additive for chickens for fattening［J］.EFSA J，2009，998：1-30.
［29］汪以真，许梓荣，冯杰.甜菜碱对杜长大肥育猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉质的影响［J］.动物营养学报，1998，10(3)：21-28.
WANG Y Z，XU Z R，FENG J.Effect of betaine on growing performance，carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pig［J］.Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica，1998，10(3)：21-28.(in Chinese)
［30］MATTHEWS J O，SOUTHERN L L，HIGBIE A D，et al.Effects of betaine on growth，carcass characteristics，pork quality，and plasma metabolites of finishing pigs［J］.J Anim Sci，2001，79(3)：722-728.
［31］MATTHEWS J O，SOUTHERN L L，BIDNER T D，et al.Effects of betaine，pen space，and slaughter handling method on growth performance，carcass traits，and pork quality of finishing barrows［J］.J Anim Sci，2001，79(4)：967-974.

[1]	王璟, 滑留帅, 陈俊峰, 张家庆, 任巧玲, 白红杰, 郭红霞, 徐照学, 邢宝松, 白献晓, 曹海. 去势对淮南公猪背最长肌转录组的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(9): 1746-1758.
[2]	郭晓红, 郭玉龙, 刘亚丹, 刘娟, 史文倩, 董磊, 蔡春波, 曹果清, 李步高, 高鹏飞. 仔猪不同发育阶段结肠微生物菌群特征分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(9): 1759-1774.
[3]	王宇波, 许豆豆, 何鑫, 董冰, 尹靖东. 低蛋白饲粮缬氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(9): 1832-1840.
[4]	刘国庆, 张丽阳, 马雪莲, 王良治, 刘东元, 邢冠中, 杨柳, 李素芬, 廖秀冬, 吕林, 罗绪刚. 我国畜禽饲料资源中矿物质元素磷含量的调查研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(9): 1841-1848.
[5]	付绍祖, 李露露, 张敬, 李丹, 郑海学. 猪源DDX56对口蹄疫病毒的复制及其对病毒诱导的RLR通路调节的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(9): 1849-1856.
[6]	王昌英, 鹿红宇, 隋敏敏, 王岩超, 刘根, 孙亿, 姜运良. 猪SERPINC1基因对PCV2复制的效应及其转录调控[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1545-1553.
[7]	胡永新, 赵永刚, 张永强, 刘拂晓, 樊晓旭, 吴晓东, 王志亮. 表达非洲猪瘟病毒P72蛋白复制缺陷型重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1635-1641.
[8]	侯林杉, 贾敬亮, 顾文源, 刘宝京, 师乾凯, 袁广富, 陈少杰, 范京惠, 左玉柱. 基于猪丁型冠状病毒重组S1蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1642-1648.
[9]	邱静静, 丁轲, 余祖华, 贾艳艳, 张春杰, 汪洋, 赵战勤. 2014-2017年河南省副猪嗜血杆菌分离菌株的PCR鉴定及分型[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1649-1657.
[10]	李志强, 闫书平, 纪晓霞, 王凯, 张源淑. 血管紧张素转换酶2在仔猪空肠中的分布表达及其与物质转运的关系[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1676-1684.
[11]	王昌英, 鹿红宇, 隋敏敏, 王岩超, 刘根, 孙亿, 姜运良. 猪SERPINC1基因对PCV2复制的效应及其转录调控[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1545-1553.
[12]	胡永新, 赵永刚, 张永强, 刘拂晓, 樊晓旭, 吴晓东, 王志亮. 表达非洲猪瘟病毒P72蛋白复制缺陷型重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1635-1641.
[13]	侯林杉, 贾敬亮, 顾文源, 刘宝京, 师乾凯, 袁广富, 陈少杰, 范京惠, 左玉柱. 基于猪丁型冠状病毒重组S1蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1642-1648.
[14]	邱静静, 丁轲, 余祖华, 贾艳艳, 张春杰, 汪洋, 赵战勤. 2014-2017年河南省副猪嗜血杆菌分离菌株的PCR鉴定及分型[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1649-1657.
[15]	李志强, 闫书平, 纪晓霞, 王凯, 张源淑. 血管紧张素转换酶2在仔猪空肠中的分布表达及其与物质转运的关系[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(8): 1676-1684.