Abstract: To study the morphological characteristics, the secretory capability of endometrial cells and the effect of sex hormone to endometrial cells, different digestion methods and isolation methods were used to digest and isolate endometrial cells from early pregnant rabbit. The results showed that endometrial cells include two types of cells, stromal cells and epithelial cells. Two types of cells were positive respectively with vimentin or cytokeratin by immunocytochemistry. When estradiol and/or progesterone were interfused in the medium, morphological characteristics of stromal cells changed, representing decidualization to some extent.