多黏菌素耐药基因的变异特征及传播规律的研究现状

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从2015年在中国首次发现质粒介导的黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1以来，已经报道的黏菌素耐药基因有5大类，mcr-1、mcr-2、mcr-3、mcr-4、mcr-5。为了全面掌握各类黏菌素耐药基因的特征和传播规律，为今后制定防控措施提供参考，作者对该耐药基因的特征和传播规律进行总结，发现：1）序列差异大：目前发现的黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1~mcr-5，其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列差异较大，这些耐药基因的来源不同，如MCR-5的氨基酸序列与MCR-1、MCR-2、MCR-3、MCR-4分别只有36.11%、35.29%、34.72%和33.71%的一致性。2）变异亚型多：除mcr-5外，目前各类mcr都有若干亚型存在，mcr-1和mcr-3都有10余种亚型。3）与其他抗性基因普遍共存，大大增加了多药耐药出现的概率。4）传播广泛：已经在5个大洲40多个国家广泛传播。总之，质粒介导的黏菌素耐药基因变异速度快、类型复杂、传播广泛，且普遍与多种耐药基因共存，如bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM-1、bla_NDM-5、bla_NDM-1、aac（6'）-Ib、floR、fosA3、oqxAB，一旦携带此基因的多药耐药致病菌大规模暴发，将极大威胁人畜的健康，使人畜彻底陷入"无药可用"的境地，应当加强监管，积极防控。

Abstract:

Since the discovery of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene from China in 2015, colistin resistant genes are divided into 5 categories according to reports, including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4 and mcr-5. The researchers need to know the characteristic and the dissemination to provide reference for prevention and control measures in future. For this reason, we summarized the literature and found:1) The differences in nucleotides and amino acids sequence from mcr-1 to mcr-5 are notable, the origin of these resistance genes is different, such as MCR-5 (the protein encoded by mcr-5) is distinct from MCR-1, MCR-2, MCR-3, MCR-4 with protein sequence identity of 36.11% (MCR-1), 35.29% (MCR-2), 34.72% (MCR-3) and 33.71% (MCR-4), respectively. 2) Many variant subtypes:Except for mcr-5, all other 4 kinds of gene type have several subtypes, such as there are more than ten subtypes of mcr-1 and mcr-3. 3) The common coexistence with other resistant genes greatly increases the probability of multidrug resistance. 4) Spread widely:it has been widely spread in more than 40 countries and 5 continents. In conclusion, colistin resistance genes mediated by plasmid have the characteristics of rapid mutation, complex type, widely spread, and generally coexist with a variety of other antibiotic resistance genes, once a large-scale outbreak of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria carrying this gene will greatly threaten the health of human being and animals, supervision and control should be strengthened.

中图分类号:

Q931
R378

孙赫, 张亚超, 上官振坤, 张益, 范若兰, 李航, 关松磊, 张林波. 多黏菌素耐药基因的变异特征及传播规律的研究现状[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(10): 2102-2111.

SUN He, ZHANG Ya-chao, SHANGGUAN Zhen-kun, ZHANG Yi, FAN Ruo-lan, LI Hang, GUAN Song-lei, ZHANG Lin-bo. Research Progress on the Variation Characteristic and Dissemination of Colistin Resistance Genes[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(10): 2102-2111.

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