添加不同形式亚麻油对肉羊生产性能、肉品质、脂肪酸含量及脂代谢相关酶基因mRNA表达量的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.09.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究日粮中添加不同形式亚麻油对肉羊生产性能、肉品质、肉中脂肪酸含量及脂代谢关键调节因子和脂代谢相关酶mRNA表达量的影响。本研究选取日龄（（100±10）d）和体重（（27±2.17）kg）相近的健康杜泊（♂）×小尾寒羊（♀）杂交F₂代公羔24只，采用单因素试验设计，随机分为4组，每组6只。试验处理CON组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮；LO、L、LOM组为试验组，分别添加含油量为4%的亚麻油、亚麻籽、亚麻油微胶囊脂末。饲养试验过程记录肉羊体重、干物质采食量等生产性能指标，屠宰后测定肌肉pH、剪切力等肉品质指标，采用烘干法、凯氏定氮法、索氏提取法、高温灰化法分别测定肉中干物质、蛋白质、脂肪及灰分的含量，并利用气相色谱法和实时荧光定量法分别测定肉中脂肪酸含量和脂代谢相关基因mRNA的表达量。结果表明：1）亚麻油不同添加形式对肉羊平均日增重有影响，LO组日增重显著低于CON、LOM和L组（P<0.05），添加油脂组肌肉脂肪含量显著高于CON组（P<0.05），但其他营养成分并无显著变化（P>0.05）。与CON组相比，LOM组显著降低了肌肉剪切力，提高了肌肉嫩度（P<0.05），但亚麻油的不同添加形式对肌肉的pH、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、失水率的影响并不显著（P>0.05）；2）试验组较对照组显著增加了肌肉中ALA、CLA和AA的含量，显著改善了n-6/n-3的比例（P<0.05），LOM组CLA含量较CON组、LO组、L组显著提高375%、171%和58%，L及LOM组比CON组n-3 PUFA显著提高151%、178%（P<0.05）；3）日粮添加不同形式的亚麻油对脂代谢关键调节因子PPARγ、SREBP1 mRNA表达量有影响显著，LO、LOM和L组与CON组相比分别上调PPARγ mRNA表达量53%、68%及36%，对SREBP1 mRNA表达量下调47%、49%、53%（P<0.05）；试验组对脂代谢相关酶中FAS、SCD基因的表达量有抑制作用，LOM组SCD表达量显著高于L组（P<0.05），并且显著上调LPL基因mRNA的表达量，是CON组的2.7倍（P<0.05），但对ACC表达量无显著影响（P>0.05）。添加富含亚麻油物质有利于PUFA沉积，并能够促进PPARγ、LPL基因表达，抑制SREBP1、SCD和FAS基因表达，亚麻油微胶囊脂末能够通过提高肌肉中PUFA，尤其是CLA含量，改善肉品质，增加肌肉嫩度，较亚麻油及亚麻籽可更好的提高舍饲羊肌肉中的PUFA含量。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different forms of linseed oil on the growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid content in muscle and mRNA abundance of lipid metabolism key regulation factors and lipid metabolism related enzymes in sheep. A single-factor experimental design was used. Twenty-four healthy Dorper(♂)×Small-Tailed Han sheep(♀) F₂ male lambs with similar days of age((100±10) d) and body weight((27±2.17) kg) were allocated into 4 groups with 6 sheep in each group. The lambs in control(CON) group were fed with basal diet, the lambs in experimental groups were fed the diets with the same fat content(4%) of linseed oil(LO), linseed(L), linseed oil microcapsule(LOM), respectively. The growth performance indexes such as body weight and dry matter intake of sheep were recorded and the meat quality indexes such as pH and shear force were measured after slaughter. The contents of dry matter, protein, fat and ash in meat were measured by drying, Kjeldahl nitrogen method, Soxhlet extraction and high temperature ash, in addition, the content of fatty acids and the expression of mRNA of lipid metabolism related regulation factors and enzymes in meat were determined by gas chromatography and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that:1)The different forms of linseed oil had an effect on sheep ADG, and the ADG of LO group was significantly lower than that of CON, LOM and L groups(P<0.05), the fat content in muscle of the test groups were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05), there was no significant change in other nutritional components in muscle(P>0.05), compared with CON group, muscle shearing force was significantly decreased and tenderness was significantly increased in LOM group (P<0.05), however, the different forms of linseed oil had no significant effect on pH, dripping loss, cooking loss and water loss rate of muscle(P>0.05). 2) Compared with CON group, the addition of different forms of linseed oil significantly increased the content of ALA, CLA and AA in muscle, and significantly improved the ratio of PUFA n-6/n-3(P<0.05), the CLA content of LOM group was significantly increased by 375%, 171% and 58% compared with CON, LO and L groups (P<0.05), and the n-3 PUFA content of L and LOM groups were significantly increased by 151% and 178% compared with CON group(P<0.05). 3) The addition of different forms of linseed oil in diets significantly affected the PPARγ and SREBP1 mRNA expression, compared with group CON, LO, LOM and L groups could increase the expression of PPARγ mRNA by 53%, 68% and 36%, respectively, and down-regulated the expression of SREBP1 mRNA by 47%, 49%, 53%(P<0.05). The addition of linseed oil in each group inhibited the expression of FAS and SCD genes, the expression levels of SCD in LOM group were significantly higher than that in L group(P<0.05), and significantly increased the expression of mRNA of LPL gene, which was 2.7 times higher than that in CON group(P<0.05), but had no significant effect on ACC expression(P>0.05). The addition of linseed oil is beneficial to the deposition of PUFA, promote the expression of PPARγ, LPL genes, and inhibit the expression of SREBP-1, SCO and FAS genes. Linseed oil microcapsule can increase the content of PUFA in muscle, especially the content of CLA, improve the meat quality, increase muscle tenderness, its effect is better in increasing the content of PUFA in muscle of mutton sheep.

中图分类号:

S826.5

张秋旭, 张润厚, 史晓雪, 李刚, 高爱琴. 添加不同形式亚麻油对肉羊生产性能、肉品质、脂肪酸含量及脂代谢相关酶基因mRNA表达量的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(9): 1928-1939.

ZHANG Qiu-xu, ZHANG Run-hou, SHI Xiao-xue, LI Gang, GAO Ai-qin. Effects of Supplementation of Different Forms of Linseed Oil on Growth Performance, Meat Quality,Fatty Acid Content and mRNA Abundance of Lipid Metabolism Related Enzymes in Sheep[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(9): 1928-1939.

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