Crimp is an important characteristic of wool fiber，and significantly affects wool value，processing and final fabric attributes.Wool crimp is associated with the asymmetric cell division in follicles，well-defined bilateral structure of orthocortex and paracortex，differences in the expression of keratins and keratin-associated proteins and keratinization in fiber.Although rare study was reported on the molecular mechanism of wool crimp formation，the studies in mice showed that these signal pathways of IGFBP5/Krox20，Eda/Edar，Wnt，EGFR/TGF-α，Msx2/Foxn1/Ha3 and several keratin genes and transcription factors have significant influence on the formation of zigzag and waved hair.Comparative analyses of gene expression patterns in skin suggest that the molecular regulation of the basic mechanisms of follicle initiation，development and fiber production are similar in most mammals，which offer available information for studying molecular regulation mechanism of wool crimps.The advances on formation mechanism of wool and hair crimps are reviewed in this article in order to further promote the study on the molecular mechanism of wool crimps.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) refers to the virus structural protein self assembling into particles without virus gneome by using heterologous host system.It can’t copy and does not have the infection ability.VLPs combine many of the advantages，such as，well-defined geometry，safety，high stability，inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses，applicability as vectors for the presentation of foreign antigens and amenable to fulfil the Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA).On behalf of above advantages，over the last three decades，VLPs have evolved to become a widely accepted new technology in the field of vaccinology.Here，in order to provide reference to the research of Newcastle disease VLPs，we review the current status of Newcastle disease VLPs to provid a guidelines for us to study the Newcastle disease VLPs in the future.

In this study，the program MTDFREML was used to estimate the variance component of simulated traits in QTL-MAS2011 dataset.Heritability was figured out approximately to be 029.Principal component analysis showed that there wasn’t population stratification in population，and then the two kinds of models analysis of genome-wide association studies were used.Genome-wide association analyses of the 15th QTL-MAS workshop data using mixed linear model of GAPIT package was processed，by which ten significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected within the whole genome.Among them，four significant SNPs were on chromosome 1，four significant SNPs were on chromosome 3，and two SNPs were on chromosome 5.The linkage disequilibrium analysis of 88 SNPs on three chromosomes was performed by HAPLOVIEW program，two QTLs(QTL1 and QTL5) were identified on chromosome 1 and 3，respectively.No QTLs were detected on chromosome 2，4，5.Another genome-wide association study method(BayesCPi) was used.The genome-wide association study was performed using BayesCPi model through genomic window variance map，one QTL was detected on chromosome 1，and two QTLs were identified on chromosome 2，and one QTL was detected on chromosome 3.

The aim of this study was to clone the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of pig GPR84 and MPEG1 genes，and to characterize their expression profiles in tissues and induced by poly(I:C) in cultured PK-15 cells at mRNA level.The Minzhu was used in this study.The full-length CDSs of GPR84 and MPEG1 genes were cloned with RT-PCR method,and analyzed by using bioinformatic method.The expression profiles were analyzed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR method.The result showed that the full-length CDS of GPR84 (GenBank accession No.JX280456) and MPEG1 （GenBank accession No.JQ907392）genes were 1 191 and 2 154 bp，encoding 396 and 717 aa，respectively.Both of the proteins shared more than 83% similarities with their respective orthologous in human and cattle.The GPR84 and MPEG1 genes were expressed in all the eleven tissues analyzed with different abundance.The GPR84 gene was expressed at the most abundant level in lung，while the MPEG1 gene in spleen.Both were expressed at the least abundant level in muscle.Additionally，the expression of GPR84 was induced by poly(I:C) in PK15 cells，while MPEG1 was suppressed.The results will lay a foundation for further revealing the roles of GPR84 and MPEG1 in porcine disease-resistant breeding.

This study aimed to induce skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes by using high concentration glucose，and detect the relative expressions of adipogenic related and adipogenic differentiation related genes，and lay a foundation for futher studying the mechanism of SMSCs adipogenic differentiation.High concentration glucose (25 mmol•L^-1) F12 culture medium was used for inducing，and cells were stained with Oil Red O，qPCR was employed to detect the relative expressions of ACC，FAS，C/EBPα，PPARγ，SREBP-1 and AdipoQ at 0 d and five time points (2，4，6，8 and 10 d) under the condition of high and low concentration glucose.The results showed that lots of lipid droplets were observed in cells induced by high concentration glucose at the 6 d.In high concentration glucose group，the mRNA expressions of ACC and C/EBPα significantly increased at the 2 d (P<0.05) and maintained relative high expression levels at later stages，and the expressions of SREBP-1 and FAS were both significantly up-regulated at the 6 d (P<0.05)，while the expression of PPARγ significantly increased at the 10 d (P<0.05).The expression of AdipoQ significantly ascended at the 2，8 and 10 d (P<0.05).In this study，we found that high concentration glucose up-regulated the expressions of the adipogenic-related genes and promoted the SMSCs differentiating into adipocyte-like cells.

The purpose of this study was to discover differentially expressed genes between before and after the intramuscular fat cell maturation of Cashmere goats，and find out major signal transduction pathways.Then，the genes associated with fat deposition were screened.The high-throughput sequencing for transcriptome before and after intramuscular fat cell maturation in Cashmere goats was performed by using MiSeq (Illumina).Other bioinformatics methods were also taken，such as sequencing assess，gene function annotation and alternative splicing of the genes identified.A total of 93 930 contigs were obtained by assembling.The value of N50 was 1 586 nt.The 78 differential expression genes are found（Fold Change＞4， FDR＜0.01）by CLCGenomicsworkbench6 software.According to the GO function annotation，these genes could be divided into 46 branches，including skeletal muscle development，extracellular region，insulin-like growth factor binding，et al.According to the KEGG database，the differential genes were mainly involved in these pathways，such as the phagosome，type I diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis，et al.The four mainly splicing types in this study were A3SS(Alternative 3′splice site)，A5SS (Alternative 5′splice site),SE(Exon skipping)and RI((Intron retention).In fact，A3SS was obvious in the intramuscular adipocytes of goat.The high-throughput RNA-seq provided the whole transcript information，the important functional genes were obtained in the process of proliferation and differentiation for intramuscular fat cell.The up-regulation genes might play important roles in the process of insulin-like growth factor binding and diabetes mellitus，which will lay a foundation for further studying functional genomics of Cashmere goat fat deposition and improving the quality of goat.

The aim of study was established an improved micro-transcriptome sequencing method by using yak oocytes as the trace samples，and provided the basis for the further transcriptome study of yak oocyte.The micro-transcriptome sequencing library were constructed based on the SMART PCR-amplified cDNAs technology by using yak oocytes as the model cell with a starting amount of total RNA as low as 10 ng RNA，and then an improved high-throughput (HT) sequencing technology were applied for transcriptome analysis.After Illumina-Solexa deep sequencing，a total of 47 619 254 clean reads with 4 Gb data were obtained in the micro-oocyte library.Quality control (QC) tests and basic analysis results showed that the sequencing quality of the library was good.The alignment analysis results of the reference genome showed that a total of 15 626 genes from yaks were mapped.Additionally，7 348 novel transcripts that could be positioned back to the yak genome were obtained.The GO analysis results revealed that 13 795 mapped genes took part in three main categories，namely，biological processes，cellular components and molecular functions.Further enrichment analysis results showed that a total of 333 134 and 113 GO categories were enriched above the three main categories.The KEGG analysis results showed that 13 496 mapped genes were involved in 258 pathways，and the enrichment analysis results showed that a total of 101 pathways were enriched.This study established an improved micro-transcriptome sequencing method with yak oocytes as a sample having as low as 10 ng of total RNA.The data not only revealed useful information for future studies on yak genomes，but also provided new insights for the molecular mechanism of the MII stage of the yak oocytes.

Spatio-temporal expression of cNanog and cPouV genes in the early chicken embryos was studied to provide basic information for studing functions of those two genes on chicken embryonic stem cells （CES) self-renewal and differentiation.Digoxigenin(DIG)-labeled cPouV and cNanog probes were produced by cDNA synthesization from the plasmids of pMD-18T-cPouV and pMD-18T-cNanog respectively according to a standard protocol.The expression patterns of cPouV and cNanog in the early chicken embryos were detected using in situ hybridization with the synthesized probes.The results showed that at pre-primitive streak stage，cPouV and cNanog genes were uniformly expressed in the pellucid area of embryos.At primitive streak stage，cPouV genes were strongly expressed in primitive streak and surrounding area.Hybridization signals of cNanog genes were detected only in surrounding area of primitive streak，no signals were detected inside streak.As the neural plate formed，two genes were strongly expressed in the neural plate，neuraltube and the anterior hindbrain/posterior midbrain.Later，at stage 14 HH and subsequently，two genes were strongly expressed in the head，the heart and peripheral vessels.As chicken embryo development，the pluripotent stem cells which can express cPouV and cNanog genes migrated from pellucid area to peripheral area.

In order to induced and cultured the goat iPS cells efficiently and continuous，the feeder cells and culture conditions were optimized in this study.MEF and GEF cells were inoculated at concentrations of 1×10⁵ mL^-1MEF,1×10⁵ mL^-1GEF and 5×10⁴ mL^-1MEF+5×10⁴mL^-1GEF as the feeder layers of goat iPS cells after they were treated with Mitomycin C within 3 passages，and cultured in DMEM+20%FBS,KnockoutDMEM+20%KSR，observed the different influence.The results showed that the induction efficiency and formation rates after digest of goat iPS cells in 5×10⁴ mL^-1MEF+5×10⁴ mL^-1GEF and Knockout DMEM+20% KSR were more higher than those cultured on the other 5 groups(P＜0.01).Growth states of goat iPS cells were observed in this group and undifferentiated phenotypes were detected，included expression of alkaline phosphatase，and dected the expression of Oct4,Sox2,Klf4,Nanog and cell marker Oct4,SSEA-1,Tra-1-60,Tra-1-81 by RT-PCR.In the condition of feeder layer free，goat iPS cells differentiation were observed in vitro. The results indicated that the acquisition and cultivate of goat iPS cells in 5×10⁴ mL^-1MEF+5×10⁴ mL^-1GEF and KnockoutDMEM+20% KSR were more easily than those cultured on the other 5 groups.This study established a foundation for further study on iPS cell in vitro studies，clinical trials，animal genome modification and goat ES cells line.

For the further research of PID1 gene function，transgenic rabbit model was constructed by use of sperm-mediated gene transfer on the basis of the PID1-shRNA expression vector pGPU6/GFP/Neo-PID1-2 preliminarily built and screened.Offsprings were detected by fluorescence detection in vivo，PCR，RT-PCR and Western blot.Individuals from different groups(positive group，negative group and blank group) were selected at the weight of about 3.0 kg and slaughtered to determine their intramuscular fat contents.The results showed that exogenous gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene can be successfully expressed in transgenic offspring rabbits with transgenic positive rate 6.60% (7/106).Compared with the negative and blank groups，the mRNA expression level of the positive rabbits decreased significantly which was detected by RT-PCR (P<0.05).Western blot detection indicated that protein expression level showed a downward trend.Intramuscular fat content also decreased significantly (P<0.05).The results indicated that PID1 gene was closely related to the intramuscular fat deposition.The study further validated the function of PID1 gene in intramuscular fat deposition from the perspective of RNA interference model.What’s more，the study laid the foundation for preparation of high quality PID1 transgenic pigs with high intramuscular fat content.

The oocyte-specific linker histone H1foo is a subtype of linker histone H1，H1foo plays an essential role during meiosis and maturation of the oocytes，moreover，it also participates in epigenetic reprogramming.In order to investigate the function of H1foo further in somatic cells，we adopted the Tet gene expression system，The H1foo gene and the promoter of Tet-On regulatory region were amplified by PCR and inserted into pVenus to generate the recombinant vector pVenus-Tet-CMV-H1foo through double digestion and ligation.Restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing showed that the sequence of the recombinant plasmid was correct and the fragments were properly connected.This Tetracycline-inducible mouse H1foo eukaryotic expression system will allow us to examine the role of H1foo at specific time points better during the somatic cell cycle.

The experiment was conducted to study Leptin on in vitro early embryonic development diapause.The different concentration of Leptin 0,1，10,and 100 ng·L^-1 were added to IVF early embryo medium,using 1% FCS as control group.The bovine in vitro embryos development with different concentration of Leptin were observed.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Leptin mRNA of normal and arrested embryo and the effect of Leptin on L-R and STAT3 mRNA expression.The results showed that: （1） Embryo cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of addition 10，100 ng·L^-1 Leptin is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05); （2）The expression of Leptin mRNA in normal embryo was significantly higher than that of arrested embryo （P<0.05）; （3） The expression of L-R,STAT3 mRNA of in vitro early embryo with exogenous Leptin was significantly higher than that of the control one（P<0.05）. In conclusion， Leptin is very important to bovine in vitro early embryonic development, less expression of Leptin and L-R is mark to embryonic development diapause, and these process play a role in JAK/STAT3 pathway.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of iron and zinc complex amino acid chelate on growth performance，carcass traits，blood biochemical indexes，iron and zinc content in liver and muscle in finishing pigs.Thirty six hybrid fatten pigs with average initial body weight of ((55.63±1.33)kg) were selected and randomly allotted to three dietary treatments.There were three replicates per treatment and four pigs in each replicate.The feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks.Pigs in the control group were fed the basic ration with 100 mg·kg^-1 iron，zinc (which were offered by ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate).Pigs in experimental group 1 were fed the basic ration with 50 mg·kg^-1 iron，zinc (which were offered by ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate) and 50 mg·kg^-1 iron，zinc(which were offered by organic elements).Pigs in experimental group 2 were fed the basic ration with 100 mg·kg^-1 iron，zinc (which were offered by organic elements).The results showed that pigs in experimental group 2 had higher final weight，average daily gains，body oblique length，body straight length，total protein，iron in liver and muscle than those in control group(P<0.05).Iron and zinc in serum in experimental group 2 were significantly higher than that in control group and experimental group 1(P<0.05)，feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).These results indicate that iron and zinc complex amino acid chelate can improve growth performance in finishing pigs，enhance feed conversion ratio，finally，improve feed conversion efficiency.

Using LED (Light-emitting diodes) as light sources，four different light intensities were taken in this trial to study their effects on Beijing-You chicken’ hormone secretion，production performance and carcass performance，in order to find the best light intensity for Beijing-You chicken.1 728 1-day-old Beijing-You chicken were randomly distributed into 4 treatments，each treatment included 12 replicate groups with 36 chicks per group(15 birds per m²).All chicks were exposed to 20 lx of light intensity for the first week，and then followed by 4 different light intensity treatments (1，10，30 and 50 lx) until 13 weeks of age.At the end of 5，9 and 13 weeks of age，body weight gain (BWG)，feed intake(FI) and feed intake:body weight gain(F/B) of each group were determined， respectively.Then,the FI,BWG and F/B were calculated during the 1-5 week,6-9 week,10-13 week and 1-13 week.At 13 weeks of age，12 birds (half were male) per treatment were randomly chosen to detect the serum levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and Melatonin (Mel) using ELISA.6 birds (half were male) per group were processed to estimate the carcass traits.For the whole growth stage(1-13week)，light intensity had no significant effect on BWG and F/B(P＞0.05)，but the FI of 1 lx group was extremely higher than that of 30 and 50 lx groups(P＜0.05).The effects of light intensity on the levels of GH and Mel were the same，the levels of GH and MEL in 50 lx group was extremely lower than that of the other groups (P＜0.05).Light intensity had no significant effect on all the carcass traits (P＞0.05)，including dressing percentage，eviscerated percentage，breast meat percentage，thigh meat percentage，and abdominal fat percentage，the eye weight and diameters(side-to-side and back-to-front).Considering the previous results，when light intensity changed from 5 to 30 lx，it had no significant effects on Beijing-You chicken’ production performance，carcass traits and the secretion of GH and Mel.As a result，the 5-30 lx of light intensity can be recommended in practice，low intensity light can keep the performance and save electric energy.

The objective of this study was to investigate effect of spraying on cashmere performance and physicochemical properties in goslings.A total of 300 5-week-old healthy male Yangzhou geese with similar body weight were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate.Five groups including the control group，groupⅠ，groupⅡ，groupⅢ and groupⅣ.It was no spraying in control group，spraying method in groupⅠ，with 3 times a day，each time spraying 5 minutes first，10 minutes intermission later，re-spray 5 minutes，groupⅡ was 3 times a day too，spraying method was to spray continuous 10 minutes at a time，groupⅢ was 3 times a day，each time spraying 15 minutes first，10 minutes intermission later，re-spray 15 minutes，groupⅣ was 3 times a day too，spraying method was to spray continuous 30 minutes at a time.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks.The results showed that(1)GroupⅢ and groupⅣ were extremely significant higher than the other groups in kilo-down weight and down length which in the chest，abdomen，back and neck of Yangzhou geese on 70-day-old (P<0.01)，groupⅠ and groupⅡ were extremely significant higher than the control group in kilo-down weight and down length which in the chest，abdomen，back and neck of Yangzhou geese on 70-day-old (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in down twig diameter which in the same place among all groups.GroupⅢ and groupⅣ had the highest down percentage，groupⅠand groupⅡ followed，the control group was the worst.In addition，looking one of all the groups，the kilo-down weight，down length and down twig diameter of chest and abdomen of Yangzhou geese on 70-day-old were extremely significant higher than that of other positions (P<0.01).(2)Compared with the control group，the other groups significantly (P<0.05) or extreme significantly(P<0.01) increased the fat content，transparency and filling power of down in Yangzhou geese on 70-day-old.GroupⅢ and groupⅣ had the lowest oxygen consumption index，which were extremely significant lower than the other groups(P<0.01)，groupⅠand groupⅡ were extremely significant lower than that of control group(P<0.01).Spraying with the same time，groupⅠ significantly increased the transparency，filling power and oxygen consumption index than that of groupⅡ(P<0.05).So，spraying can significantly increase cashmere performance and physicochemical properties of goslings，thereby improve the quality of gosling down.

The aim of this study was to express the fusion protein ESAT6-CFP10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and evaluate its cellular immunoproperties in mice model as well as the detection potential for bovine tuberculosis.The fragment of esat6-linker-lhp was amplified using PCR and then constructed into the pET30a(+)-esat6-linker-lhp recombinant plasmid.Fusion protein of ESAT6-CFP10 was purified with His affinity chromatography column from strain of BL21(DE3)-pET30a(+)-esat6-linker-lhp after induced with IPTG.The purified fusion protein was then used to evaluate its cellular immunoproperties in mice model as well as the potential usage in IFN-γ assay for the detection of bovine tuberculosis.Results of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting implied that the fusion protein was expressed successfully and having good immunological reactivity.FACS analysis showed that there was a significant up-regulation of molecules both CD80 and CD86 expression on dendritic cells as well as CD69 on splenic CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells，meanwhile，more IFN-γ specific secreting cell spots rather than those of IL-4 were detected by ELISPOT assay in C57BL/6 mice which injected with the fusion protein.IFN-γ test results of 479 cow blood samples showed that the fusion protein had the coincidence rates of 70.0% (positive) and 95.2% (negative) compared to IFN-γ test kit using PPD as stimulator.These data indicated the fact that this fusion protein had the capability of induce Th1 immune response in mice and provided a basis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

The aim of this study was to further determine the evolution and epidemiological situation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Shandong Province.The S1，N and M genes of twenty IBV strains isolated from diseased chickens in Shandong Province between 2008 and 2012 were sequenced.Besides，the pathogenicity of three isolates was evaluated in 18-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.Phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 genes (1 611 bp) revealed that 20 IBV isolates and reference strains were grouped into four distinct clusters (genotypes).Eighteen IBV isolates belonged to the QX genotype.Two isolates，CK/CH/SD09/005 and SDIB781/2012 were typed into a separate cluster—genotype Ⅳ and showed only 65.1%-67.1% nucleotide identities to IBVs of the other three genotypes.CK/CH/SD09/005 and SDIB781/2012 showed nucleotide identities of 97.8% in S1 gene while they shared only 86.7% and 87.9% nucleotide identities in the N and M genes，respectively.SDIB781/2012 had nucleotide identities of 100% with SDIB764/2012 and SDIB702/2012 (QX-like ) in N and M genes，respectively，which indicated genetic recombinations between strains of QX-like and gentotype Ⅳ.In the challenge test，SDZB0808，SDIB821/2012 and CK/CH/SD09/005 resulted in deaths of 60%-70% in experimental infections of SPF chickens.Swollen speckled kidneys and distended ureters filled with uric acid were observed in dead birds.Besides，plenty of uric acid salt deposited on the surface of kidney，heart and other tissues of infected birds.There is no significant distinction in clinical and pathological changes of birds inoculated with three IBV strains.The results showed that the QX-like strains，the predominant type IBV，and a new genotype IBV had been co-circulating in Shandong Province in recent years.Both of them are Nephropathogenic strains.The recombinant events between IBV strains of QX and the new genotype emphasize the importance of a persistent survey of IBV field strains.

Six conventional piglets free of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were used in this experiment as detected by ELISA and fluorescence quantitative PCR.The alveolar macrophages (AMs) were isolated aseptically and divided into two groups，control group and PCV2 infection group (PCV2 group) and cultured in vitro.The AMs were collected at 0，6，12，24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi).The amount of PCV2 infected cells was observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the mRNA transcription of TLR2，TLR3，TLR4，TLR7，TLR8 and TLR9 were detected by real-time PCR.The results show that the mRNA levels of TLR2 were significantly higher at 6，12 and 24 h (hpi) (P<0.01 or P<0.05)，then the levels were recovered at 48 hpi.The expression of TLR3 were significantly elevated at 6 and 12 hpi (P<0.05)，and the transcription were then restored at 24 and 48 hpi; PCV2 stimulation up-regulated the transcriptions of TLR4 in AMs at 12 hpi (P<0.05) and down-regulated the transcriptions at 24 and 48 hpi (P<0.05); PCV2-infection increased TLR7，TLR8 and TLR9 transcriptions in AMs at 6 and 12 hpi (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and their of transcriptions were restored at 24 and 48 hpi.Thus，PCV2 can significantly affect TLR2，TLR3，TLR4，TLR7，TLR8 and TLR9 transcriptions in piglets AMs in vitro.

The aim of this study was to explore whether the visceral sensory neurons in Nodose Ganglion (NG) were the major target cells of estrogen.Immunohistochemical SP method was adopted to observe the distribution of estrogen receptor (ER-α，β) in NG of female goats.The results indicated that all the nucleus of neurons was strong positive stained with brown to ER-α，β.While the cytoplasm of large-sized neurons showed medium positive with yellow and the cytoplasm of small and medium-sized neurons showed strong positive with claybank.In satellite cells，their medium positive expression was observed.Image analysis showed a significant difference of ER expression between neurons and non-neurons (P＜0.01).The results showed that ER-α，β were expressed in NG，which indicate visceral sensory neurons in NG were the main target cells of estrogen.

The investigation on ultrastructure of these cells is necessary to improve pigment cytology and regulate melanogenesis.In the current study，we confirmed the ultrastructure of the Taihe black-bone silky fowl (BSF) skin by the transmission electron microscope.The results showed that many irregular melanocytes were observed between in bundles of collagen fiber.Numerous electron-dense round melanosomes with various sizes were present in melanocytes.Some melanin granules located in collagen fiber were small and irregular contrasted with melanosomes.In addition，some multilocular adipocytes were found and closed the melanocytes.A multilocular adipocyte contained generally considerable electron-lucent round fat uesicaes.The melanin granules were observed in some of fat uesicae.These results suggest that melanin granules may be important to formation of fat uesicae in multilocular adipocyte.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dynamic distribution of uNK cells and VEGF in uterus of the pregnant goat.The distribution and content of uNK cells and VEGF in the pregnant uterus were detected by using immunohistochemical technology，and the transcription level of VEGF mRNA was examined by RT-PCR assay.We found that during early pregnancy，uNK cells and VEGF were concentrated in deciduas; during mid trimester of pregnancy，uNK cells and VEGF were concentrated on stroma region，gland and vessel in muscle.However，the positive staining for uNK cells and VEGF was significantly decreased in late trimester of pregnancy.The results of RT-PCR showed that in early and mid trimester of pregnancy，the transcription of VEGF mRNA had no significant deviation，but significantly higher than that of VEGF mRNA in late trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05).The results suggest that the distribution and content of uNK cells and VEGF are relevant to some extent in different pregnant period.

This experiment was conducted to study tissue residues of marbofloxacin in pigs，preparing for determination of the withdrawal time.Marbofloxacin was administered to 30 healthy pigs intramuscularly at a dosage of 2 mg·kg^－1 for 3 consecutive days.Animals were sacrificed at 0.5，1，3，5，8 d after administration randomly.The tissues were extracted with chloroform，dried under nitrogen at 45 ℃ and cleaned up with hexane.The analytes was detected by UV absorptive spectroscopy after separation by C₁₈ column.The results showed that kidney had the highest drug concentration with 4.93 μg·g^－1 at 12 h，the concentration of marbofloxacin in all of tissues at 5 d was lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL).The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Winnonlin software package.The results indicated that the elimination rate was muscle>injection site>kidney>liver>skin/fat，with the elimination half-life of 17.86，17.92，18.20，18.90，21.20 h，respectively.Compared with other tissues，the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) in kidney was highest with 200.16 μg·h·g^－1.Kidney was considered as the target organ.According to the MRL set by EMEA，the longest withdrawal time was suggested in kidney with 5.46 d.The results demonstrated that absorption of marbofloxacin in Pigs after Intramuscular Administration was quickly，distribution was wide and elimination was slowly.It is proposed that the withdrawal time was 6 days.

The aim of this study was to study the mechanism of artemisinin against E.tenella.At 120 h after inoculation by oral E.tenella sporulated oocysts，we collected the second generation merozoites of E.tenella from the chicken’s caecum in different groups (challenge control group，and artemisinin-treated group) and counted with erythrocytometer.mRNA transcription of microneme genes (EtMIC1，EtMIC2，EtMIC3，EtMIC4，EtMIC5) in second-generation merozoites were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR.The pathological structural changes of chicken cecal tissue were observed by scanning electron microscopy.Compared with the challenge control group，the number of second generation merozoites of E.tenella was decreased by 25.37% (P<0.05) in artemisinin-treated group.Meanwhile，the transcription level of EtMIC1，EtMIC2，EtMIC3，EtMIC4，EtMIC5were decreased by 46.59% (P<0.05)，36.53% (P<0.05)，57.89% (P<0.01)，38.09% (P<0.05)，54.53% (P<0.01)，respectively.The cecal pathological structures were partially improved by artemisinin treatment.These results suggested that artemisinin may decrease the number of merozoites by inhibiting the expression levels of microneme genes in second-generation merozoites，and then result in alleviating the cecal lesion.

In order to investigate the Transcription of β-arrestin2 mRNA in different encephalic regions of rats anesthetized with the Combined Anaesthetic for Miniature Pigs（named as XFM)， 30 rats were divided randomly into two groups: the control group and XFM groups．XFM groups consisted of four subgroups：M₁ subgroup（ rats received XFM intraperitoneally and then waiting the disappearance of right reflection)；M₂ subgroup（rats received XFM intraperitoneally and then waiting for 1 h after the disappearance of right reflection)；M₃ subgroup（rats received XFM intraperitoneally and then waiting the recovery of right reflection) and M₄ subgroup（rats received XFM intraperitoneally and then waiting for 1 h after the recovery of right reflection)．The brain tissues were taken when reaching each time point．The transcription of β-arrestin2 mRNA in central nervous system was detected with real time PCR．The results showed that the transcription of β-arrestin2 mRNA in cerebral cortex and cerebellum decreased significantly after receiving XFM（P<0.01)；the transcription of β-arrestin2 mRNA in hippocampus and brain stem increased significantly（P<0.01)．These results indicated that XFM could affect the transcription of β-arrestin2 mRNA in central nervous system．This might be one of the anaesthetic mechanisms for XFM．And it will lay the foundation of continuing to explore anesthesia for the effects of MAPK pathway．

To obtain new protein markers of fatty liver disease in dairy cows，the relative and absolute quantification isotope labeling (iTRAQ) technology was used to screen and identify differentially expressed proteins in urine of dairy cows with fatty liver disease.40 cows urines were collected and divided into diseased groups A1，A2 and healthy groups B1，B2，respectively including 10 cows in each group.Every 10 urine samples in the same group was equally mixed into 1 sample for the experiment.Subsequently，the samples which the requirements were marked by an iTRAQ kit.Finally，the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry were used.In this way，we got a series of data as a result，then the results were conducted by a series of bioinformatics analysis.Totally，110 differentially expressed proteins were screened，in which 50 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated.4 key proteins were acquired by bioinformatic analysis：Vitronectin (VTN),Lipocalin (LCN2)，Prothrombin (F2) and Clusterin (CLU).Differentially expressed proteins in the urine of dairy cows with fatty liver disease were screened in this experiment，4 key regulatory factors were closely related to fatty liver disease，and should be further confirmed as important biological markers of fatty liver disease in dairy cows，which will provide a new method in early detection and diagnosis of fatty liver disease of dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST 9 from dairy herds and swine.MRSA ST9 isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test，pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)，spa typing，and SCCmec typing，and were examined by PCR for genes encoding enterotoxins，exfoliative toxins，Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)，and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (Tsst-1).All MRSA ST9 isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.But they showed resistance against other 31 antibiotics to various degrees ranging from 5.6% to 100%.In addition，100% of isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes tested.The four most predominant toxin genes were seg (94.4%)，seb (83.3%)，sed (72.2%) and PVL (55.6%)，followed by sei (11.1%) and，sea (5.6%).ETs，Tsst-1, sec，see，seh and sej genes were not detected.MRSA ST9 isolates belonged to ST9-SCCmec IVb-t899 (94.4%) and ST9-SCCmec II-t899 (5.6%).PFGE suggested potential transmission of MRSA ST9 strains in different farms.Many MRSA ST9-SCCmec IVb-t899 isolates harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance.The presence of MRSA ST9 strains in these animals poses a potential threat to animal and human health.