To discuss the association of polymorphism of porcine protein tyrosine phosphatese 1B gene with fat deposition traits, in this study, the sequence of intron 7 of the porcine PTP1B gene was obtained from Large White, Landrace and Meishan pigs. Sequence comparison revealed a G／A mutation which was detected by PCREco88 IRFLP. The allele distribution revealed that Large White and Landrace pigs had only A allele, and GA was preponderant genotype in Meishan pigs. Association analysis between the polymorphism of PTP1B gene and fat deposition traits was performed in 213 Large White × Meishan F2 pigs. Significant associations of the genotypes with fat deposition traits such as leaf fat weight (LFW), internal fat rate (IFR) and thoraxwaist fat thickness were found. The individuals with GA genotype had lowest leaf fat weight and internal fat rate than the individuals with the other genotypes ( GA＜GG＜AA), this might be reflection of heterosis. The individuals with GG genotype had lowest thoraxwaist fat thickness than the individuals with the other genotypes (GG＜GA＜AA). These results indicate that allele G is significantly associated with the decreasing of fat deposition, the polymorphic site can be used as the candidate site affecting pig fat deposition traits.

In order to explore the possibility using SLADRA gene as genetic marker of disease resistance, the correlation between polymorphism of SLADRA gene exon 2 and piglets diarrhea were detected in 216 piglets from Landrace, Large White and Duroc pigs by PCRSSCP and sequencing. Three alleles and six genotypes were detected in the SLADRA gene exon 2. Six genotypes (AA, AB, BB, BC, AC and CC) were both found in Landrace and Large White pigs, but only four genotypes (AA, AB, BB and BC) were detected in the Duroc pigs. The genotype distribution was significantly different among Duroc and other two pig breeds (Landrace and Large White pigs) (P<0.01). The genotype distributions of three breeds were all in the HardyWeinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The least square analysis indicated that genotype significantly affected the diarrhea of piglets (P<0.05), but the breed and gender showed no significant influence (P>0.05) on the diarrhea of piglets. The piglet diarrhea score of individuals with genotype AA and BB were significantly higher than that of individuals with genotype AC and CC (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that genotypes of SLADRA gene had significant influence on piglet diarrhea, and which might be a potential genetic marker in swine breeding.

To study the effect of miR200a on mRNA expression of genes related to milk fat synthesis, recombinant adenovirus pAdprimiR200a was constructed and miR200a was stably expressed in goat mammary gland epithelial cell. PrimiR200a was amplified from DNA from Xinong Saanen Goat. Recombinant plasmid pAdprimiR200a was constructed using AdEasy System. The virus was packaged and amplified in HEK 293 cells.Virus titer was indentified by TCI50 assay.The expression of miR200a and 16 genes related to milk fat synthesis in dairy goat mammary gland epithelial cells were analyzed by qRTPCR. Sequencing analysis showed that the length of primiR200a was 297 bp, including 86 bp premiR200a and flank sequences. Enzyme digestion analysis demonstrated that the recombinant adenouvirus was constructed successfully and the virus titer reached T=8×109 PFU·mL-1. The results of qRTPCR showed that the expression of miR200a in cell infected by AdprimiR200a (MOI was 200) was 2.4 times more than that of the control. Expression of 10 genes mRNA were down regulated and 6 genes mRNA were up regulated. There was remarkable decrease in expression level of FASN (involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis), TIP47(involved in lipid drop formation) and FABP4 (involved in fatty acid transportation). These genes mRNA were 0.47, 0.89 and 0.65 times less compared with that of control, respectively. The expression of DGAT1 (involved in TAG synthesis) and HSL (involved in lipolysis) mRNA were 0.52 and 1.49 times more than that of the control. In conclusion, miR200a overexpression by AdprimiR200a could affect gene mRNA level related to milk fat synthesis in goat mammary gland epithelial cells.

This experiment was conducted to obtain and analyze cDNA sequence of goat MSX2, and to analyze the sequence character and expression rule. By reverse transcription PCR, the fulllength cDNA of MSX2 was cloned from skin of Shanbei White Cashmere goat, and the expression of MSX2 in different development periods of follicle were examined by quantitative realtime PCR. The results showed that the cDNA of goat MSX2 contained 804 nucleotides, including a complete open reading frame(ORF) encoding 267 amino acids. The amino acid sequence shared 96%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 87% and 85% identity with those of Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Canis familiaris, Pan troglodytes, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, respectively. The result of realtime quantitative PCR showed that MSX2 were higher expressed in April and November than that in other months (P＜0.05). The amino acid sequences of MSX2 were highly conservative. MSX2 was highly expressed at April and November, and it was expressed in different extent in the other months, which indicated that MSX2 gene might be involved in molecular regulation of hair growth cycle.

In the present study, the distribution, morphological characteristics and developmental changes of Ghrelinimmunopositive (Ghrelinip) cells in the gastrointestinal tract of goat were investigated. Using the method of immunohistochemistry, Ghrelinip cells were showed in the gastrointestinal tract of Jining Gray goat at the ages of day 0,30,60,90,120,150 and 180. Ghrelinip cells classified into open and closedtype cells were found to be localized in the mucosa epithelium, glands and lamina propria of abomasums, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon, but not in rumen, reticulum, omasum and rectum. The greatest number of Ghrelinip cells was found in the abomasums and the Ghrelinip cell density gradually decreased from the abomasums to the colon. The percentage of closedtype cells to all immunopositive cells also decreased from the abomasums to the colon. With the goat growth, the densities of Ghrelinip cells in the abomasums and jejunum increased from ages of day 0 to 120, but slightly decreased at ages of day 150 and 180. There was also a steady increase in the number of Ghrelinip cells from postnatal day 0 to 90 in duodenum, which reached a peak and remained steady. Very few Ghrelinip cells were found in the ileum, cecum and colon, and the densities increased with the age growth. The change of Ghrelinimmunopositive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of growing goats suggests that Ghrelin may be involved in gastrointestinal tract development.

To explore the mechanism of coat color formation and the relationship between MC1R expression and coat color of alpaca, the expression and immunolocalization of MC1R in skin of alpacas with different coat color were analyzed. The adult white and brown alpaca were observed. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods were used to examine the expression and immunolocalization of MC1R in skins. The result showed that: (1) Immunohistochemistry results showed that MC1R positive immunoreactivity was prominently located at the epidermis, outer root sheath, the proximal hair bulb and follicular papilla. However, in brown alpaca skin,MC1R was prominently located at the epidermis and the proximal hair bulb with a strong staining. In white alpaca skin, MC1R was prominently located at the outer root sheath and epidermis, but it expressed with a weak staining in the proximal hair bulb. MC1R expression was higher in brown skin alpaca than that in white skin alpaca (P<0.01). (2) Western blotting results showed that the protein band in 35 ku extracted in crude protein of skin tissue responsed to MC1R polyclonal antibody in rabbit.MC1R protein expressed in different coat color skin and MC1R expression was higher in brown skin alpaca than that in white skin alpaca (P<0.01). It indicated that expression and immunolocalization of MC1R was related with the phenotype of coat color.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of starea nitrogen on production performance, ammonia nitrogen (N) concentration in rumen liquor and blood, blood urea N, and melamine and cyanuric acid residual in milk of lactating dairy cows. Five midlate lactating Holstein cows with rumen fistula were divided into five groups in a 5×5 Latin square design. The cows of the five groups were fed with control diet without urea, U16% diet with 16% of the total N of control diet replaced by urea N, and S16%, S24% and S32% diet with 16%, 24% and 32% of the total N of control diet replaced by starea N. The adaption period of the first phase was 14 d and the other phase was 7 d, respectively. The sampling period in every phase was 5 d. All of the experiment lasted for 67 d. The results showed that replacing 16% or 24% of the N in control diet with non protein nitrogen from starea did not affect the lactation performance significantly (P>0.05), but in the S32% group the lactation cows had a reduced dry matter intake and milk production(P<0.05). Compared with urea, the starea could relieve ammonia concentration in rumen liquor and reduce the peak of blood ammonia concentration effectively, but the peak concentration of rumen ammonia and blood ammonia were also increased with the increasing of the starea. The starea could not cause melamine and cyanuric acid residual in milk. It is concluded that for the dairy cows safety the proper proportion of replacing the total nitrogen of diets with starea nitrogen is less than 24%.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of 18carbon fatty acids (18CFAs) on cell proliferation and triacylglycerol accumulation in bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro. The cells were cultured with different concentration of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid for 24 h at 38 ℃, and then the MTT experiment was performed to detect the cell proliferation and the triacylglycerol contents in medium were detected by Triglyceride Quantitation Kit. The results showed that the cell proliferation was inhibited significantly when the cells were cultured with 200 or 400 μmol·L-1 stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The contents of triacylglycerol in medium were increased in a concentrationdependent manner from 0 to 100 μmol·L-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, high concentration of 18CFAs can inhibit the cell proliferation, and triacylglycerol accumulation can be increased as the concentration increase of 18CFAs.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of energy levels on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, biochemical parameters and caecum fermentation of Rex Rabbits from weaning to 3monthold. Two hundred weaned Rex Rabbits (similar BW ) were randomly divided into 5 treatments (40 replicates per treatment, 1 rabbit per replicate): feeding diets containing DE 9.46, 9.97, 10.46, 10.94 and 11.43 MJ·kg-1, respectively. The trial lasted for 7 days for adaptation, and 53 days for test, respectively. By animal breeding experiment, digestibility experiment and slaughtering experiment, indexes were determined. The results showed that, the daily feed intake (ADI) (P<0.01), feed gain (F/G) (P<0.05) were decreased with the increase of DE levels, and the feed efficiency of 10.46 MJ·kg-1 group was better than that of other treatments. As the increasing DE levels, the nitrogen intake (IN) and fecal nitrogen (FN) were significantly reduced (P<0.01 or P<0.05). DE/GE and ME/GE were also affected by DE levels (P<0.05), and DE/GE and ME/GE reached to the maximum in 10.46 MJ·kg-1 treatment. DE levels could affect the insulin concentration in blood serum (P<0.05). NH3N concentration and propionic acid ratio of caecum were increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in high DE levels, but the acetic acid percentage and acetic acid to propionic acid percentage had the contrary tendency(P<0.01 or P<0.05). In conclusion, the suitable DE level was 10.46 MJ·kg-1 for Rex Rabbits from weaning to 3monthold.

The objective of this study was to study the pathogenic characteristics of highly pathogenic of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HPPRRSV) on local pig breeds. Foremonthold healthy Laiwu black pigs were inoculated nasally with HPPRRSV. The necrops of pigs were conducted on different days post inoculation. The antibody titers of peripheral blood serum were tested by ELISA test kits (IDEXX). Tissues were collected for preparing tissues sections. Pathological changes of different tissues were observed through HE staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol were developed to detect distribution of HPPRRSV antigens in tissue samples. The results showed that slight symptoms could be seen 2 days postinfection, lasting two days before disappearing and no pigs died. Antibodies can be detected 5 days postinfection (1/7), and reached the peak 14 days postinfection. Histopathological changes showed that interstitial pneumonia, slight viral encephalitis and particles degeneration of essence organs occurred in pigs 3 days post inoculation; typical interstitial pneumonia, necrosis of the lymphoid organs, eosinophilic cells infiltration in intestines were found and parenchymal organs appeared vacuolar degeneration 7 days post inoculation. From 2 weeks to 4 weeks post inoculation, typical interstitial pneumonia were found in lung, and the viral encephalitis becoming seriously, necrosis in adrenal, inflammatory cells infiltrating in pancreas were slight, serious congestion and hemorrhage were found in thyroid and parenchymal organs appear vacuolar degeneration acutely. PRRSV antigenpositive signals could be seen in lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils), trachea, heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, thyroid, adrenal gland, submandibular gland, uterus, brain and cerebellum; Cecum, colon, rectum, bladder, pancreas, fallopian tubes and ovaries were not seen positive signals. Positive signals were mainly located in the cytoplasm of infected cells, occasionally in the nucleus. This experiment confirmed that infection of 4monthold Laiwu black pigs with HPPRRSV could cause a wide range of tissue tropism and extensive tissue damage, while clinical symptoms are mild; no mortality; 4monthold Laiwu black pigs have a strong resistance to HPPRRSV. The results provide a theoretical basis to study the differences in the pathogenicity of HPPRRSV between our local species of pigs and the foreign ones.

Spleen is the target organ of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). To elucidate the interaction between NDV and its hosts, and to further evaluate the pathological differences of spleen from the geese infected by the earlygenotype NDV strain Herts/33 (IV) and recentgenotype NDV strain JS5/05 (VIId), the comparative proteomes of spleen from geese infected with these two NDVs were analyzed using twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Thirtysix 30dayold geese were divided into three groups. The spleens from the geese in different groups were collected at 36 hours, 72 hours and 108 hours post infection. The soluble proteins were extracted and then separated with 17 cm IPG strips (pH 58). Moreover, the 2DE maps were comparatively analyzed by the software PDQuest 8.0.1. Compared with the control group, 154 and 148 differentially expressed protein spots were found in Herts/33 and JS5/05infected group, respectively. There were 86 spots shared by the two NDVinfected groups, with 52 proteins upregulated and 34 proteins downregulated. In addition, a total of 130 differentially expressed protein spots were identified between Herts/33 and JS5/05infected groups, including 71 upregulated proteins and 59 downregulated proteins. The virulent genotype Ⅳ and genotype Ⅶd NDVs induced distinct splenic protein expression profiles after infection, which provided useful information to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of increased pathogenicity of genotype Ⅶd NDV to waterfowl.

The organs distributions of Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J (ALVJ) in chicken were studied through the method of realtime PCR in this article. A SYBR Green Ibased realtime PCR was developed for detection of ALVJ by using a pair of primers which was designed to target NX0101 (5 2585 510 bp). The product of PCR (253 bp) was linked to pMD18T vector served as standard curve. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability tests of the method were conducted. The hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys, thymuses, bursa of Fabricius and glandular stomachs of 20 chickens were detected repeatedly 3 times by this method. The results showed a precise linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.991 4; the detection limits was 81 copies of DNA plasmid, it was 100 times more sensitive than RTPCR. The melting curve showed a single peak could only be detected for ALVJ. The variation coefficient of repeatability tests were less than 5%. The copies of ALVJ in thymuses were highest and lungs, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were higher, and hearts were lowest. Furthermore, the ALVJ copies in natural infection chickens were higher than artificial infection chickens. Realtime PCR about ALVJ gene established in this article was high sensitivity, strong specificity and short testing period. The organs distributions of ALVJ in chicken were preliminarily discussed. The research provided important technical support for the diagnosis and treatment with ALVJ.

The objective of this study was to analyze the evolutionary relationships of the fourteen Gallibacterium strains isolated from Henan and Shanxi Provinces, and the role of gyrB gene in phylogenesis analysis. 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene of all isolates were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR product were submitted directly for sequencing. Sequences of three housekeeping genes of 14 Gallibacterium isolates were compared, and used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with that of the Gallibacterium reference strains, using the software of DNAstar, Clustalx 1.81 and Phylip 3.67. The sequence homology were 96.3%98.0% (gyrB), 97.7%99.6% (16S rRNA), 97.7%99.0% (rpoB) among Gallibacterium isolates and G. anatis type strains, 88.8%89.9% (gyrB), 96.2%97.5% (16S rRNA), 92.6%93.6% (rpoB) among Gallibacterium isolates and Gallibacterium genomosp. 1 strains. Three phylogenetic trees generated from housekeeping genes showed that 14 Gallibacterium isolates fell into the same branch with G. anatis type strains. 14 Gallibacterium isolates were classified in G. anatis. In the three gene locus of gyrB, rpoB and 16S rRNA genes, there were no apparent genetic difference between Gallibacterium strains isolated from Henan and Shanxi Provinces, and from healthy chickens and diseased chickens with salpingitis. gyrB gene could be used for classification of Gallibacterium isolates, furthermore, more obvious differences was noticed in the homology analysis based on gyrB gene sequence between Gallibacterium isolates and G. genomosp. 1 than that based on 16S rRNA and rpoB genes.

The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific PCR method for the detection of Pasteurella multocida from porcine. A pair of primers were designed according to the plpE genes of Pasteurella multocida published in GenBank. Then the specific PCR method on the basis of the plpE gene was developed and optimized for rapid detection of Pasteurella multocida.The sensitivity of the method were evaluated with the constructed recombinant plasmid of Pasteurella multocida and other strains.Finally the PCR method established was employed on the detection of 64 suspected samples collected from Sichuan province. Results showed the method based on the plpE gene can amplify the genome of Pasteurella multocida only,not for others and the detection limitation reached 5×101 copies. Thirtysix samples were infected with Pasteurella multocida and the positive rate reached 56.2%. These results indicate that the PCR method on the basis of the plpE gene is specific, repeatable and sensitive and can be used for the detection of Pasteurella multocida.

To understand whether the characters of Haemonchus contortus were related to the variations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, the strains resistant to benzimidazole, ivermectin and moxidectin; strains isolated from giraffe, cattle, sheep, goat and yak; isolates from China, USA, Italy, France, Yemen, Malaysia and Australia, and other nematodes in the family of trichostrongylidae were collected and their ITS sequences were analyzed. The results showed that the ITS2 sequences in the worms of family trichostrongylidae were similar. The phylogentic tree based on ITS2 sequences indicated that different genus in the family could be distinguished by the tree. The variations of H. contortus ITS1 were not related to the drug resistance or susceptivity. Comparisons of the sequences of ITS2 of the isolates from different place in the world did not show too many variations. However, the ITS1 of H. contortus isolated from domestic hosts seems to be different from that of the wild giraffe. These results indicated that ITS sequences of H. contortus were conserved in the parasites and could be used in the molecular taxonomy.

This experiment was conducted to study the correlation of morphological and biological features to the phylogeny of rabbit coccidia. Five species of rabbit coccidia were isolated by singleoocyst separation technology and proliferated. Genomic DNA was extracted from their sporulated oocysts by the method of CATB. The ITS1 regions were cloned and sequenced，then they were aligned with corresponding sequence in the GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was obtained by NJ method. The complete ITS1 sequences of E. magna HB, E. flavescens HB, E. intestinalis HB, E. media HB, E. perforans HB were 320, 330, 351, 336 and 341 bp respectively in length. The sequence identities displayed 96.9%, 97.3%, 96.9%, 99.1% and 99.4%. Based on the ITS1sequence data, the rabbit coccidia monophyly was divided into 2 sister lineages, which was corresponding to the presence/absence of the oocyst residuum. Other morphological or biological traits (oocyst shape and size, pathogenicity, infection site, prepatent and patent periods, and number of asexual generations) do not explicitly correlate with the phylogeny of rabbit coccidia. The presence/absence of oocyst residuum is an evolutionarily conserved feature。

The objective of this study was to get effective strain of nematodetrapping fungusArthrobotrys oligospora, by which parasitic nematodes of livestocks could be controlled and chemical drugs may be replaced partly or completely. First of all，the mutagenic effect of the lowenergy nitrogen ion beam on the original strain  A. oligospora were studied, then the survival rate of strains injected by different doses of nitrogen ion were determined to select the best injection parameter: energy, dose. Later, the strains were screened out according to mycelial growth rate, sporulation, the trapping rate and resistance to the digestion of the sheep. The results showed that ion beam implantation could be an efficient way to improve the characters of nematodetrapping fungus, such as growth rate，sporulation quantity and nematodetrapping rate, and it was the first time to use ion beam in mutation breeding of nematodetrapping fungi.

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of polysaccharides in Inonotus obliquus on differential gene expression profiling in mouse infected with Toxoplasma gondii and discuss the mechanism of inhibiting Toxoplasma gondii. BABL/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 103 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii of RH strain to establish a mouse model of infection of toxoplasmosis. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, negative control group, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide group. Animal liver were collected and frozenstored quickly. Its RNA was extracted and amplified, then hybridization was conducted. The figures were scanned for data analysis. The results were as follows: The effective differential genes of polysaccharide group were searched out by SOM analysis. The effective differential genes were annotated on gene functional aspect. The main reasons of which Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide inhibited Toxoplasma were announced. The mechanism that the effects of polysaccharides in Inonotus obliquus inhibited Toxoplasma gondii are achieved by effectively regulating the cytokine levels of mice, promoting Th1/Th2 balance, controlling Tolllike receptor signaling pathways and integral controlling the body.

The objective of this study was to analyze structural feature of bovine integrin β3 and β8 subunit from molecular level, and lay foundation for understanding the interaction of FMDV with its integrin receptor during genetic variation process. We cloned β3 and β8 gene of integrin from bovine kidney by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method and utilized biology software analyzing their molecular characteristics. The 2 355 bp cDNA of bovine integrin β3 encodes a polypeptide of 784 amino acids consisting of a 22residue putative signal peptide, a 692residue ectodomain, a 29residue transmembrane domain, and a 41residue cytoplasmic domain. The amino acid similarity of integrin β3 between cattle and ovis was the highest in compared animals, and was in the same evolution branch with animals which was suspectable to FMDV, such as cattle, camel, porcine and ovis. The conservatism of functional domain was cytoplasmic＞transmembrane＞ligandbinding domain ＞ectoplasmic ＞ signal peptide, and mutation of the cysteinerich domain in ectoplasmic was second only signal peptide. The 2 304 bp cDNA of bovine integrin β8 encodes a polypeptide of 767 amino acids consisting of a 42residue putative signal peptide, a 637residue ectodomain, a 29residue transmembrane domain, and a 59residue cytoplasmic domain. The amino acid similarity of integrin β8 between cattle and horse was the highest in compared animals, not in the same evolution branch with porcine. The conservatism of functional domain was transmembrane＞ligandbinding domain ＞cytoplasmic ＞ectoplasmic ＞ signal peptide. Ligandbinding domain of β8 was more conservative than β3, the cytoplasmic tail of β8 contained a NPLY motif, but NPXY motif was not in cytoplasmic tail of β8, and mutation of cytoplasmic tail in β8 gene was much higher than that β3 subunit. These results indicated that FMDV strains infected animals by ανβ8 receptor with much probability than ανβ3 may have relation to conservation of ligandbinding domain of β8 subunit.

A study on thiamphenicol （TAP） residue depletion was conducted in chicken muscle. TAP was extracted from chicken muscle with acetone and dichloromethane. The extract solution was degreased in nhexane saturated with acetonitrile, dried in nitrogen evaporator and residues were dissolved in mobile phase. TAP was determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. The limits of detection （LODs） was 1.5 μg·kg-1 (S/N=3) and the limits of quantitation（LOQs）was 5 μg·kg-1 (S/N=10) for TAP in chicken muscle, respectively. After the chickens orally administered successively TAP capsules of 10.0, 20.0 and 50.0 mg·kg-1 of body weight once every day for 5 days, respectively, residues of TAP in chicken muscle had a rise trend. The maximum residue of TAP was detected at the first day after withdrawal time in chicken muscle. At the early days after withdrawal time, the residues of TAP in chicken muscle were eliminated faster, but they were eliminated slowly at the later period. Residues of TAP in chicken muscle were all lower than 50 μg·kg-1 at the 5th withdrawal day, and all lower than the lowest LODs (1.5 μg·kg-1）at the 9th withdrawal day. Residues of TAP in chicken muscle were positively correlated with TAP orally administered doses.

Cataract, which severely affects the vision and has high incidence, is one of the common ophthalmic diseases on canine. Recent research showed that many pathogenesis gave rise to cataract formation, among which oxidative damage was an important factor. However, there was little research focused on the establishment of cataract models on canine. The aim of our study was to establish senile cataract models, which could lay a foundation for the further research. This research picked up 10 healthy dogs, randomly selected 6 dogs as model group and the rest as control group. We used Fenton solution to establish the model and judged it success or not from the following methods: checked the lens with slit lamp microscope, observed the structures of lens by light microscope and TEM, and determined the changes of biochemical indicators. Compared with the control group, the lens cloudy degree of model group changed remarkably, apoptosis phenomenon could be observed with light microscope and TEM in model group, the TSOD, GSHPx and MDA values in model group were significantly different (P<0.05). The results proved that the senile model can be successfully built through intracystic injection with fenton solution.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of surgically artificial insemination (XY sperms were srperated by flow cytometry, and then the prevision sex piglets were breeded by artificial insemination) by using the sexed sperm sorted by flow cytometry to produce sexpreselected piglet. The effect of the sorting procedure on nucleic acid content of sperm was analyzed by acridine orange (AO) staining. Three recipient sows were inseminated with sorted Xsperm and were all pregnant and gave birth to a total of 12 piglets, from which 11 were females representing a 91.67% sexing accuracy, while 40% of piglets were female in the control group that inseminated with unsexed sperm. One sow inseminated with sorted Ysperm farrowed 6 male piglets (100%, 6/6) ,while 57.14% of male piglets in the control group. The total of sexing accuracy in this study was 94.4% (17/18) and no abnormality was observed in piglets derived from sexed sperm comparing to those derived from unsorted sperm. There was also no significant difference in pregnancy and farrowing rates between sows inseminated with sexed and unsexed sperm, but the litter size of sows inseminated with sexed sperm were lower than that of sows inseminated with unsexed sperm. There was no significant difference in the nucleic acid content between unsorted sperm and bulk sorted sperm (P＞0.05). Results of this study indicate the feasibility of piglet production from sperm sorted by flow cytometry.

The aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR155 in skeletal muscle development in Landrace (leantype) and Tongcheng (obesetype) pigs, and explore the roles of miR155 in muscle development. Based on the skeletal muscle tissues of 22 stages (12 prenatal and 10 postnatal stages) in Landrace and Tongcheng pigs, respectively, stemloop RTPCR was performed to detect the miR155 expression. Furthermore, the expression of miR155 in various tissues of adult Tongcheng pigs was detected. The miR155 differential expression in skeletal muscle development exhibited different expression patterns between Landrace and Tongcheng pigs. In adult Tongcheng pigs, miR155 was abundantly expressed in small intestines and lung, moderately in heart and placenta, and weakly in other collected tissues. The result indicate that miR155 may be involved in myofibre proliferation and differentiation and further contribute to skeletal muscle development and muscle phenotype with different genotypes.