ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA ›› 2018, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1178-1193.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.06.010

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Distribution of Particles, Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide as well as Physicochemical Property of PM2.5 in an Enclosed Broiler Breeder House in Winter

SHEN Dan, DAI Peng-yuan, WU Sheng, TANG Qian, LI Chun-mei*   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Received:2017-10-20 Online:2018-06-23 Published:2018-06-23

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of particulate matter (PM), ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in an enclosed caged broiler breeder house as well as the component and ultrastructure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from the hen house in winter. Detections of temperature, relative humidity, airflow speed, illumination and concentrations of PM, NH3 and CO2 were taken from 05:00 to 21:00 in every two hours for 8-day continuous measuring in December 2016 in an enclosed broiler breeder house with 7 monitoring positions inside the house and 1 outside the house. There were 5 626 Youai breeder hens of 57-58 weeks old in the house. Furthermore, particles sampler was fixed at the middle position of the breeder hen house to collect PM2.5 for 16 h per day which was used to analyze chemical composition and observe ultrastructure. The results showed that:1) The temperature, PM and NH3 concentrations in forepart of the breeder hen house were markedly lower than middle and back position (P<0.05). The PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentrations inside the breeder hen house were significantly higher than outside the breeder hen house(P<0.001). The PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentrations all were the highest at feeding time (05:00) in the morning, and these were the lowest after turning off the lights at 21:00. Whereas the ratios of PM2.5/PM10, PM10/TSP, PM2.5/TSP were the highest when the chicken flocks were quiet. Airflow speeds showed significant correlation with other microclimatic variables except PM2.5 (P<0.01). The CO2 concentration and airflow speed were affected indistinctively by ambient air outside the house. 2) Organic carbon (OC) was the mainly component of PM2.5 collected from the enclosed breeder hen house, concentrations of NO3- and SO42- were also relatively high comparing with other components. It was observed that the PM2.5 of layer house contained many mineral particles and a part of smoke collection by electron microscopy. Energy spectrum diagrams of PM2.5 revealed that both mass percent and atomic percent of C and O were the highest. The PM concentrations inside the monitored house were higher than outside. Air quality in the forepart of the house (air inlet) was better than middle and back. Chicken activity mainly caused coarse particles (PM10, TSP) increase. Organic matter and mineral were the major components of PM2.5 from the enclosed breeder hen house, which mainly come from feed, feces and ground dust.

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